{"id":9736,"date":"2026-04-02T13:05:27","date_gmt":"2026-04-02T12:05:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/?page_id=9736"},"modified":"2026-04-06T14:14:49","modified_gmt":"2026-04-06T13:14:49","slug":"25-5-4-en","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/25-5-4-en\/","title":{"rendered":"25.5.4 En"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-lora-font-family\" style=\"font-size:22px\"><strong>The use of convolutional neural networks for automatic diseases detection tasks<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-4810ec25784c525ea37514c76d57af1f\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\"><strong>M.A. Shereuzheva, M.A. Shereuzhev, Z.M. Albekova<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-86b70c892ee51d64e6bf0730e3274f25\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-d3328a80 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-fa99f84d8051eb763ab85c3007cdb1c2\" style=\"color:#5b1919;text-decoration:underline\"><strong><strong>Upload the full text<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-9151b400 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"min-height:0px;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-15bf754d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100 is-style-outline is-style-outline--1\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-border-color has-small-font-size has-custom-font-size wp-element-button\" href=\"http:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/4-sher.pdf\" style=\"border-color:#5b1919;border-style:solid;border-width:2px;border-radius:8px;color:#5b1919;padding-top:0.4rem;padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:0.4rem;padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">PDF<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:0px;width:0px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer wp-container-content-273e683f\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-a6626a83fc0142021cf58722c8180a4e\" style=\"line-height:1.4\"><em><strong><strong>Abstract<\/strong>:<\/strong> <\/em>This article provides an overview of existing convolutional neural network architectures and their application in the classification task for detecting diseases of fruits and plants. Diseases of plants and fruits are a serious problem in agriculture and horticulture, and their early detection can help in taking timely measures to prevent the spread and minimize damage. The results of the study can be useful for the development of automated systems for detecting diseases of fruits and plants, which helps to increase yields.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-df03325adc83c022634de6b79d43432f\" style=\"line-height:1.4\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-c6210d57bf329e354467734b2e304f82\" style=\"line-height:1.4\"><strong><em><strong>Keywords<\/strong>:<\/em><\/strong> neural networks, machine learning, convolutional network architecture, computer vision, image classification<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-df03325adc83c022634de6b79d43432f\" style=\"line-height:1.4\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family wp-elements-eddd45c97653a0a1e05193424fce8191\" style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:1.4\"><strong><strong>For citation<\/strong>.<\/strong> Shereuzheva M.A., Shereuzhev M.A., Albekova Z.M. The use of convolutional neural networks for automatic diseases detection tasks. News of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of RAS. 2023. No. 5(115). Pp. 41\u201351. DOI: 10.35330\/1991-6639-2023-5-115-41-51<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family wp-elements-17c3333a0b1db39b7fa4a3e1a1572bc4\" style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:1.4\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-abef0f104856141a84e166710e98b47b is-layout-flow wp-container-core-details-is-layout-0ab540ad wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700;line-height:1.5\"><summary><strong>R<\/strong>eferences<\/summary>\n<ol style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Digital agriculture [\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441]. URL: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_agriculture.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Shereuzheva M.A., Shereuzhev M.A. Development of expert systems to improve the efficiency of growing plants in agriculture. <em>News of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of RAS<\/em>. 2022. No. 5(109). Pp. 93\u2013104. DOI: 10.35330\/1991-6639-2022-5-109-93-104. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Nagoev Z.V., Shuganov V.M., Bzhikhatlov K.Ch. et al. Prospects for increasing the productivity and efficiency of agricultural production with the use of an intelligent integrated environment. <em>News of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of RAS<\/em>. 2021. No. 6(104). Pp. 155\u2013165. DOI: 10.35330\/1991-6639-2021-6-104-155-165. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Krizhevsky A., Sutskever I., Hinton G.E. ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. <em>Communications of the ACM<\/em>. 2012. 60(6). Pp. 84\u201390. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Pushkarev A., Yakubailik O. A web application for visualization, analysis, and processing of agricultural monitoring spatial-temporal data. <em>CEUR Workshop Proceedings<\/em>. 2021. Vol. 3006. Pp. 231\u2013237. URL: http:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-006\/27_short_paper.pdf<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Skvortsov E.A., Skvortsova E.G., Sandu I.S. et al. Transition of Agriculture to Digital, Intellectual and Robotics Technologies. <em>Ekonomika regiona<\/em> [Economy of Region]. 2018. Vol. 14. No. 3. Pp. 1014\u20131028. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">He K. et al. Deep residual learning for image recognition. <em>Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition<\/em>. 2016. Pp. 770\u2013778.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Iandola F. et al. Densenet. Implementing efficient convnet descriptor pyramids. arXiv preprint arXiv. 2014. Pp. 1404\u20131869.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Huang G., Liu Z., Van Der Maaten et al. \u0421onnected convolutional networks. <em>Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition<\/em>. 2017. Pp. 4700\u20134708.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Sandler M., Howard A., Zhu M. et al. MobileNetV2. Inverted residuals and linear bottlenecks. <em>Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition<\/em>. Pp. 4510\u20134520.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Szegedy C. et al. Inception-v4, inception-resnet and the impact of residual connections on learning. <em>Thirty-first AAAI conference on artificial intelligence<\/em>. 2017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Tan M., Le Q. Efficientnet. Rethinking model scaling for convolutional neural networks. <em>International conference on machine learning. PMLR<\/em>. 2019. Pp. 6105\u20136114.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-4e8794aca9488aff76668d770f2b42b3 is-layout-flow wp-container-core-details-is-layout-5dafc681 wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700;line-height:1.5\"><summary><strong>Information about the authors<\/strong><\/summary>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b291ae12 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"min-height:0px;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\"><strong>Shereuzheva Milana Arturovna<\/strong>, master, Department \u201cInformation technologies and computing systems\u201d, Moscow Technical University \u201cSTANKIN\u201d;<br>127055, Russia, Moscow, 1 Vadkovsky lane;<br>trainee researcher of the Laboratory \u201cIntellectual Habitats\u201d of the Institute of Computer Science and Problems of Regional Management \u2013 branch of Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences;<br>360000, Russia, Nalchik, 37-a I. Armand street;<br>milana.shereuzheva@mail.ru, ORCID: https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6668-4703<br><strong>Shereuzhev Madin Arturovich<\/strong>, senior lecturer, Department \u201cRobotic systems and mechatronics\u201d, Moscow State Technical University named after N.E. Bauman;<br>105005, Russia, Moscow, build. 5 corps 1 Baumanskaya street;<br>shereuzhev@bmstu.ru, ORCID: https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2352-992\u0425<br><strong>Albekova Zamira Mukhamedalievna<\/strong>, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Information Systems and Technologies, Institute of Digital Development, North Caucasus Federal University;<br>350029, Russia, Stavropol, 2 Kulakov avenue;<br>zalbekova@ncfu.ru, ORCID: https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7214-8114<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The use of convolutional neural networks for automatic diseases detection tasks M.A. Shereuzheva, M.A. Shereuzhev, Z.M. Albekova Upload the full text Abstract: This article provides an overview of existing convolutional neural network architectures and their application in the classification task for detecting diseases of fruits and plants. Diseases of plants and fruits are a serious [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"wp-custom-template-home","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9736","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>25.5.4 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/25-5-4-en\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ru_RU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"25.5.4 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The use of convolutional neural networks for automatic diseases detection tasks M.A. Shereuzheva, M.A. Shereuzhev, Z.M. Albekova Upload the full text Abstract: This article provides an overview of existing convolutional neural network architectures and their application in the classification task for detecting diseases of fruits and plants. Diseases of plants and fruits are a serious [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/25-5-4-en\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-06T13:14:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/index.php\\\/en\\\/25-5-4-en\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/index.php\\\/en\\\/25-5-4-en\\\/\",\"name\":\"25.5.4 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-04-02T12:05:27+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-06T13:14:49+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/index.php\\\/en\\\/25-5-4-en\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/index.php\\\/en\\\/25-5-4-en\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/index.php\\\/en\\\/25-5-4-en\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"25.5.4 En\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\",\"description\":\"\u041d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/07\\\/oblozhka-zhurnala-na-angl-scaled.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/07\\\/oblozhka-zhurnala-na-angl-scaled.jpg\",\"width\":1828,\"height\":2560,\"caption\":\"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"25.5.4 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/25-5-4-en\/","og_locale":"ru_RU","og_type":"article","og_title":"25.5.4 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb","og_description":"The use of convolutional neural networks for automatic diseases detection tasks M.A. Shereuzheva, M.A. Shereuzhev, Z.M. Albekova Upload the full text Abstract: This article provides an overview of existing convolutional neural network architectures and their application in the classification task for detecting diseases of fruits and plants. Diseases of plants and fruits are a serious [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/25-5-4-en\/","og_site_name":"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb","article_modified_time":"2026-04-06T13:14:49+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f":"4 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/25-5-4-en\/","url":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/25-5-4-en\/","name":"25.5.4 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-04-02T12:05:27+00:00","dateModified":"2026-04-06T13:14:49+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/25-5-4-en\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ru-RU","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/25-5-4-en\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/25-5-4-en\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430","item":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"25.5.4 En"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/#website","url":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/","name":"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb","description":"\u041d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ru-RU"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/#organization","name":"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb","url":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ru-RU","@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/oblozhka-zhurnala-na-angl-scaled.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/oblozhka-zhurnala-na-angl-scaled.jpg","width":1828,"height":2560,"caption":"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9736","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9736"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9736\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10153,"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9736\/revisions\/10153"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9736"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}