{"id":6646,"date":"2026-02-22T22:01:51","date_gmt":"2026-02-22T22:01:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/?page_id=6646"},"modified":"2026-05-15T11:04:36","modified_gmt":"2026-05-15T10:04:36","slug":"28-1-1-en","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/28-1-1-en\/","title":{"rendered":"28.1.1 En"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-lora-font-family\" style=\"font-size:22px\"><strong>Optimal cash flow modeling using the Cash Flow at Risk (CFaR) method for Russian corporations<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-d2f2081640bb268fa673870de0142f08 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\"><strong>N.A. Garunov, D.A. Maksimov<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-content-justification-left is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-20193d73 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"border-style:none;border-width:0px;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family wp-elements-1934a6274ad67c2dd8d97ce7471e2bbb wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#5b1919;font-size:12px;text-decoration:underline\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-9076828a wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"min-height:0px;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-856cf56e wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100 is-style-outline is-style-outline--1\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-border-color has-custom-font-size wp-element-button\" href=\"http:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1-garunov-maksimov.pdf\" style=\"border-color:#5b1919;border-style:solid;border-width:2px;border-radius:8px;color:#5b1919;padding-top:0.4rem;padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:0.4rem;padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);font-size:12px\">PDF<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:0px;width:0px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer wp-container-content-273e683f\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100 is-style-outline is-style-outline--2\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-border-color has-text-align-center has-custom-font-size wp-element-button\" href=\"http:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/392098.xml\" style=\"border-color:#5b1919;border-width:2px;border-top-left-radius:8px;border-top-right-radius:8px;border-bottom-left-radius:8px;border-bottom-right-radius:8px;color:#5b1919;padding-top:0.4rem;padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:0.4rem;padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);font-size:12px\">JATS XML<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-41ee428b6a5740c7f514a7432ff786a3 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"border-style:none;border-width:0px;border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;color:#5b1919;margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-3fd61d9f104f07d5b559b297bd26e12e wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"line-height:1.4\"><em><strong><strong>Abstract<\/strong>.<\/strong> <\/em>The relevance of this study stems from the need to apply advanced proactive methods, such as Cash Flow at Risk (CFaR), to manage liquidity and inform management decisions. This article addresses the problem of quantitatively assessing the cash flow risks of Russian commodity corporations in the face of macroeconomic volatility.<br><strong>Aim<\/strong>. The study is to develop and test a practical algorithm for assessing CFaR, adapted to the factor structure of risk for Russian corporations.<br><strong>The methodology <\/strong>involves constructing a regression model linking cash flow to key macroeconomic variables, followed by probabilistic modeling.<br><strong>The study results<\/strong> indicate that the projected EBITDA value for the planning period is approximately 1,600 billion rubles. Calculations based on the model&#8217;s random error distribution demonstrate that, with a 5% probability, EBITDA could be less than the expected value by up to 80 billion rubles, which quantifies the CFaR indicator. The scientific novelty lies in the development of a structural algorithm integrating regression analysis and the CFaR methodology for Russian corporations.<br><strong>Conclusions<\/strong>. The practical significance of this approach is confirmed by the fact that it provides financial managers with a tool for building liquidity reserves and developing hedging strategies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-df03325adc83c022634de6b79d43432f wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"line-height:1.4\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-4e323ad71a8bd9ac8161927265a131f6 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"line-height:1.4\"><strong><em><strong>Keywords<\/strong>:<\/em><\/strong> Cash Flow at Risk (CFaR), risk management, cash flows, macroeconomic volatility, regression model, stress testing, Russian corporations, PJSC Lukoil<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-df03325adc83c022634de6b79d43432f wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"line-height:1.4\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family wp-elements-34a4e15a50cd36ccd0ef0251cb52b626 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:1.4\"><strong><strong>For citation<\/strong>.<\/strong> Garunov N.A., Maksimov D.A. Optimal cash flow modeling using the Cash Flow at Risk (CFaR) method for Russian corporations. <em>News of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of RAS<\/em>. 2026. Vol. 28. No. 1. Pp. 11\u201324. DOI: 10.35330\/1991-6639-2026-28-1-11-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family wp-elements-17c3333a0b1db39b7fa4a3e1a1572bc4 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:1.4\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family wp-elements-9edd223573aedea3967cf56131320158 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:12px\">\u00a9&nbsp;&nbsp; Garunov N.A., Maksimov D.A., 2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8e2b6fff wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"80\" height=\"28\" src=\"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7229\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family wp-elements-05a6ee62a5b706afe3764dcf35c80ac8 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:0;font-size:12px\">Content is available under license&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-965289575c9da7905327eb38e8184b3d is-layout-flow wp-container-core-details-is-layout-f488f964 wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700;line-height:1.5\"><summary><strong>R<\/strong>eferences<\/summary>\n<ol style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Vlasov D.A. Game-theoretic modeling in decision-making practice. Scientific research and development. Economics. 2018. Vol. 6. No. 6. Pp. 59\u201363. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Vygodchikova I.Yu., Vorotnikova D.V., Khalikov M.A. Assessment of investment attractiveness of Russian oil and gas companies. Economics of Construction. 2025. No. 4. Pp. 539\u2013541. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Zakrevskaya E.A., Khailova E.A. Formation of an optimal investment strategy for an enterprise. Transport Business of Russia. 2017. No. 6. Pp. 42\u201343. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Lyal&#8217;kova E.E., Sultangareev I.I. Portfolio investing in the Russian financial market under modern conditions. Financial Markets and Banks. 2023. No. 12. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Makarova O.N., Knyazev A.S., Makarova Yu.N., Martynenko O.V. Economic methods for assessing the financial condition of exporters in the budget management system. Economics and Environmental Management. 2022. No. 3. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Metzger A.A., Zelenin A.O. Considering market liquidity factor in VaR calculation. Vestnik Gumanitarnogo universiteta [Bulletin of Liberal Arts University]. 2025. No. 13(1). Pp. 23\u201339. DOI: 10.35853\/vestnik.gu.2025.13-1.02. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Ten&#8217;kovskaya L.I. Volatility of stock returns of PJSC &#171;NK &#171;Lukoil&#187; during economic crises. Bulletin of SUSU. Series: Economics and Management. 2023. No. 3. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Khalikov M.A., Reshul&#8217;skaya E.M., Vygodchikova I.Yu., Nechaev O.N. Modeling the production function of an enterprise&#8217;s operating segment based on aggregated data on the composition of working assets. Innovations and Investments. 2024. No. 1. Pp. 267\u2013269. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Yakunicheva A.E. Financial literacy and financial reporting as assistants for investors in decision-making. Skif. 2023. No. 4(80). (In Russian)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-3e317db7adf07895fe77ae47caf8e2b5 is-layout-flow wp-container-core-details-is-layout-9ff6af70 wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700;line-height:1.5\"><summary><strong>Information about the author<\/strong>s<\/summary>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-1c18c512 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"min-height:0px;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\"><strong>Nurmagomed A. Garunov<\/strong>, Postgraduate Student, Basic Department of Digital Economy, Institute for the Development of the Information Society, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics;<br>36, Stremyannyy lane, Moscow, 115054, Russia;<br>ngarunov@inbox.ru, ORCID: https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0203-9899, SPIN-code: 6489-4897<br><strong>Denis A. Maksimov<\/strong>, Doctor of Economics, Professor, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics;<br>36, Stremyannyy lane, Moscow, 115054, Russia;<br>Maksimov.DA@rea.ru, ORCID: https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8316-8359, SPIN-code: 6104-5875<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family wp-elements-452cbc12bbc5feb9a1402dce7d5f0f2f is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"font-size:14px\"><summary><strong>Funding<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">The study was performed without external funding.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Optimal cash flow modeling using the Cash Flow at Risk (CFaR) method for Russian corporations N.A. Garunov, D.A. Maksimov Abstract. The relevance of this study stems from the need to apply advanced proactive methods, such as Cash Flow at Risk (CFaR), to manage liquidity and inform management decisions. This article addresses the problem of quantitatively [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"wp-custom-template-home","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6646","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>28.1.1 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/28-1-1-en\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ru_RU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"28.1.1 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Optimal cash flow modeling using the Cash Flow at Risk (CFaR) method for Russian corporations N.A. 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