{"id":4926,"date":"2025-11-16T14:12:13","date_gmt":"2025-11-16T14:12:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/?page_id=4926"},"modified":"2026-04-13T08:08:54","modified_gmt":"2026-04-13T07:08:54","slug":"27-5-6-en","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/27-5-6-en\/","title":{"rendered":"27.5.6 En"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-lora-font-family\" style=\"font-size:24px\"><strong>Comparative analysis of class imbalance reduction methods in building machine learning models in the financial sector<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-f55ab9844cca9db61883078e24fc8af6\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\"><strong>A.F. Konstantinov, L.P. Dyakonova<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-24a27e19 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-fa99f84d8051eb763ab85c3007cdb1c2\" style=\"color:#5b1919;text-decoration:underline\"><strong><strong>Upload the full text<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-9151b400 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"min-height:0px;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-15bf754d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100 is-style-outline is-style-outline--1\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-border-color has-small-font-size has-custom-font-size wp-element-button\" href=\"http:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/konstantinov-dyakonova-6.pdf\" style=\"border-color:#5b1919;border-style:solid;border-width:2px;border-radius:8px;color:#5b1919;padding-top:0.4rem;padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:0.4rem;padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">PDF<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:0px;width:0px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer wp-container-content-273e683f\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-9fdb3e9220520ceeb94e88d8bcb7dbe3\" style=\"line-height:1.4\"><em><strong><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/strong>: <\/em>Borrower default prediction is a pressing issue that underlies the financial stability of credit institutions.<br><strong>Aim<\/strong>. This study is to develop and evaluate an integrated borrower default prediction method.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-d5d5586366c60d8fe04ac1cea7d6be1b\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\"><strong>Materials and methods<\/strong>. The study was conducted by simulating the integrated borrower default prediction method, analyzing and comparing the results with the baseline AI model, and drawing conclusions.<br><strong>Results<\/strong>. Based on the analysis of dependencies, an integrated borrower default prediction methods developed and calculated. It demonstrated a significant improvement in quality metrics (an increase in average accuracy of 0.383, an increase in f1-score of 0.509, and an increase in accuracy of 0.792) relative to the baseline model. This article presents the results of experiments aimed at improving the quality metrics of machine learning models used to predict borrower default.<br><strong>Conclusion<\/strong>. The development of integrated borrower default prediction methods will improve the accuracy and reliability of forecast models, which is of great practical importance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-df03325adc83c022634de6b79d43432f\" style=\"line-height:1.4\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-d40718d2c3484c8e9fabcd6f04c507d2\" style=\"line-height:1.4\"><strong><em><strong>Keywords<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><em>:<\/em> methods for reducing class imbalance, methods for isolating anomalies into a separate model, bagging method, integral method for predicting borrower default<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-df03325adc83c022634de6b79d43432f\" style=\"line-height:1.4\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family wp-elements-928b18aeb0558ef2c74b175cb94988fc\" style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:1.4\"><strong><strong>For citation<\/strong>.<\/strong> Konstantinov A.F., Dyakonova L.P. Comparative analysis of class imbalance reduction methods in building machine learning models in the financial sector.<em> News of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of RAS<\/em>. Vol. 27. No. 5. Pp. 68\u201379. DOI: 10.35330\/1991-6639-2025-27-5-68-79<\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-17420ae8646d2f48301dffab162f0ac4 is-layout-flow wp-container-core-details-is-layout-0ab540ad wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700;line-height:1.5\"><summary><strong>R<\/strong>eferences<\/summary>\n<ol style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Information and analytical material on the development of the banking sector of the Russian Federation in December 2024. [\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441]. \u0420\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430:  https:\/\/www.cbr.ru\/collection\/collection\/file\/55056\/razv_bs_24_12.pdf (\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: 17.09.2025). (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Ali A.A., Khedr A.M., El-Bannany M., Kanakkayil S. A powerful predicting model for financial statement fraud based on optimized xgboost ensemble learning technique. Applied<br>Sciences. 2023. Vol. 13. No. 4. P. 2272. DOI: 10.3390\/app13042272<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Konstantinov A.F., Dyakonova L.P. Comparative analysis of class imbalance reduction methods in building machine learning models in financial sector. News of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of RAS. 2025. Vol. 27. No. 1. Pp. 143\u2013151. DOI: 10.35330\/1991-6639-2025-27-1-143-151. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Qian H., Zhang S., Wang B. et al. A comparative study on machine learning models combining with outlier detection and balanced sampling methods for credit scoring 2021.<br>[\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441]. \u0420\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430: https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2112.13196 (\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: 01.09.2025). DOI: 10.48550\/arXiv.2112.13196<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Dyakonova L., Konstantinov A. Approaches to risk analysis in the financial sector based on machine learning and artificial intelligence methods \/ MPRA Paper. [\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441]. \u0420\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430: https:\/\/mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de\/122941\/ (\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: 17.09.2025)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Liu F.T., Ting K.M., Zhou Z.H. Isolation forest. IEEE Xplore. 2008. Pp. 413\u2013422. DOI: 10.1109\/ICDM.2008.17<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Bl\u00e1zquez-Garc\u00eda A., Conde A., Mori U., Lozano J.A. A review on outlier\/anomaly detection in time series data. [\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441]. \u0420\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430: https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2002.04236 (\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: 01.09.2025).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Ribeiro M.T., Singh S., Guestrin C. Why should I trust you? Explaining the predictions of any classifier. [\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441]. \u0420\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430: https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1602.04938 (\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: 01.09.2025).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Breiman L. Bagging predictors. Machine Learning. 1996. Vol. 24. No. 2. Pp. 123\u2013140.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Abdoli M., Akbari M., Shahrabi J. Bagging supervised autoencoder classifier for credit scoring. Preprint. DOI: 10.48550\/arXiv.2108.078<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Zou Y., Gao C., Xia M., Pang C. Credit scoring based on a bagging-cascading boosted decision tree. Intelligent Data Analysis. 2022. Vol. 26. No. 6. Pp. 1557\u20131578. DOI: 10.3233\/IDA-216228<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-2c82fb46a3fd1756da1c170388bb8363 is-layout-flow wp-container-core-details-is-layout-5dafc681 wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700;line-height:1.5\"><summary><strong>Information about the author<\/strong>s<\/summary>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b291ae12 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"min-height:0px;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\"><strong>Alexey F. Konstantinov<\/strong>, Postgraduate Student, Department of Informatics, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics;<br>36 Stremyannyy lane, Moscow, 115054, Russia;<br>konstantinovaf@gmail.com, ORCID: https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9591-3301, SPIN-code: 3088-3121<br><strong>Lyudmila P. Dyakonova<\/strong>, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Informatics, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics;<br>36 Stremyannyy lane, Moscow, 115054, Russia;<br>Dyakonova.LP@rea.ru, ORCID: https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5229-8070, SPIN-code: 2513-8831<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Comparative analysis of class imbalance reduction methods in building machine learning models in the financial sector A.F. Konstantinov, L.P. Dyakonova Upload the full text Abstract: Borrower default prediction is a pressing issue that underlies the financial stability of credit institutions.Aim. This study is to develop and evaluate an integrated borrower default prediction method. Materials and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"wp-custom-template-home","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4926","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>27.5.6 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/27-5-6-en\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ru_RU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"27.5.6 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Comparative analysis of class imbalance reduction methods in building machine learning models in the financial sector A.F. 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Konstantinov, L.P. Dyakonova Upload the full text Abstract: Borrower default prediction is a pressing issue that underlies the financial stability of credit institutions.Aim. This study is to develop and evaluate an integrated borrower default prediction method. 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