{"id":4924,"date":"2025-11-16T14:10:54","date_gmt":"2025-11-16T14:10:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/?page_id=4924"},"modified":"2026-04-13T08:08:21","modified_gmt":"2026-04-13T07:08:21","slug":"27-5-5-en","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/27-5-5-en\/","title":{"rendered":"27.5.5 En"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-lora-font-family\" style=\"font-size:24px\"><strong>Environmental pollution of land as a complex technical object of systems analysis<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-9de78daaada9e80ff44b5a0734e27012\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\"><strong>J.E. Klimavi\u010dius<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-24a27e19 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-fa99f84d8051eb763ab85c3007cdb1c2\" style=\"color:#5b1919;text-decoration:underline\"><strong><strong>Upload the full text<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-9151b400 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"min-height:0px;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-15bf754d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100 is-style-outline is-style-outline--1\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-border-color has-small-font-size has-custom-font-size wp-element-button\" href=\"http:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/klimavichus-5.pdf\" style=\"border-color:#5b1919;border-style:solid;border-width:2px;border-radius:8px;color:#5b1919;padding-top:0.4rem;padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:0.4rem;padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">PDF<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:0px;width:0px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer wp-container-content-273e683f\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-b57fa76a5ecc859c677f0e0150e7dd56\" style=\"line-height:1.4\"><em><strong><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/strong>: <\/em>The relevance of this study lies in the fact that, despite the significant level of land contamination in Russia, there is no unified methodological approach for considering such areas as complex technical facilities. Most existing studies focus on individual aspects\u2013bioremediation, physicochemical cleanup methods, monitoring, or legal regulation. These studies are fragmented and do not provide the holistic approach necessary for data integration and automated design. The novelty of this study lies in its treatment, for the first time, of contaminated lands as technical systems, incorporating physicochemical parameters, biological processes, and regulatory controls. Unlike existing studies, which focus on individual technologies or legal aspects, this article integrates systems analysis, pollutant categorization, and consideration of initial data uncertainty, forming a methodological basis for automated remediation design.<br><strong>Aim<\/strong>. Is to substantiate the need to consider environmental land pollution as a complex technical object of systems analysis and formalize the reclamation project process based on the &#171;inputs \u2192 transformations \u2192 states \u2192 outputs&#187; model, taking into account the uncertainty of data and regulatory frameworks.<br><strong>Results<\/strong>. This article substantiates the need to consider environmental land pollution as a complex technical object of systems analysis. It is shown that the traditional approach, based on the concept of &#171;disturbed lands,&#187; only captures the fact of degradation and does not reflect the systemic characteristics of the object. The paper proposes a formalized description of contaminated areas using the &#171;inputs \u2192 transformations \u2192 states \u2192 outputs&#187; model, which allows for the identification of cause-and-effect relationships between pollutant types and the responses of soil-ecological systems.<br><strong>Conclusions<\/strong>. The practical significance of the obtained results is indicated by the fact that they can be used by design organizations and regulatory authorities to reduce the time required to prepare design documentation, improve calculation accuracy, and reduce risks during project approval.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-df03325adc83c022634de6b79d43432f\" style=\"line-height:1.4\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-27b6c0f9853c43caa9012ece67edb446\" style=\"line-height:1.4\"><strong><em><strong>Keywords<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><em>:<\/em><strong> <\/strong>systems analysis; complex technical object; environmental pollution; land reclamation; oil pollution; heavy metals; salt pollution; data uncertainty; regulatory controls; design automation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-df03325adc83c022634de6b79d43432f\" style=\"line-height:1.4\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family wp-elements-ed714770be28e97b2005d201db8d4bd6\" style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:1.4\"><strong><strong>For citation<\/strong>.<\/strong> Klimavi\u010dius J.E. Environmental pollution of land as a complex technical object of systems analysis.<em> News of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of RAS.<\/em> 2025. Vol. 27. No. 5. Pp. 54\u201367. DOI: 10.35330\/1991-6639-2025-27-5-54-67<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family wp-elements-17c3333a0b1db39b7fa4a3e1a1572bc4\" style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:1.4\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-722bf9d67cf5560e050f74aa79942f05 is-layout-flow wp-container-core-details-is-layout-0ab540ad wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700;line-height:1.5\"><summary><strong>R<\/strong>eferences<\/summary>\n<ol style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Gao J., Zhang Y., Li W. Global research on contaminated soil remediation: a bibliometric Analysis. Land. 2022. Vol. 11(9). P. 1581. DOI: 10.3390\/land11091581<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Smith P., House J.I., Bustamante M. et al. Global change pressures on soils from land use and management. Global Change Biology. 2019. Vol. 25(2). Pp. 563\u2013581. DOI: 10.1111\/gcb.13068<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Zhidkov A.N., Kozhenkov L.L. Reclamation of disturbed lands. Forestry Information. 2019. No. 3. Pp. 134\u2013145. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Shamsutdinova L.R., Belan L.N., Akbalina Z.F. Rehabilitation of contaminated industrial areas (on the example of Ufakhimprom OJSC). Bulletin of Bashkir University. 2013. Vol. 18. No. 4. Pp. 1092\u20131094. EDN: RUOZJJ. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Nosova M.V., Seredina V.P., Stovbunik S.A. Experience in carrying out local reclamation measures to restore technogenically saline soils. Principles of Ecology. 2024. No. 3. Pp. 61\u201371. DOI: 10.15393\/j1.art.2024.14964. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Bertalanffy L. Obshchaya teoriya sistem: kriticheskiy obzor [General Systems Theory: A Critical Review]. Moscow: Progress, 1969. 296 p. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Sadovsky V.N. Foundations of General Systems Theory. Moscow: Nauka, 1974. 280 p. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Averyanov A.N. Sistemnoye poznaniye mira: metodologicheskiye problemy [Systems Cognition of the World: Methodological Problems]. Politizdat, 1985. 242 p. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Zou Y., Wang L., Li J. Remediation of crude oil contaminated soil through an integration of chemical and biological treatments \/\/ Science of the Total Environment. 2024. Vol. 905. 167271. DOI: 10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.170756<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Minnikova T.Yu., Ruseva A.S., Kolesnikov S.I. Evaluation of the enzymatic activity of oil-contaminated chernozem after bioremediation. Bulletin of the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. 2022. No. 5. DOI: 10.26897\/0021-342X-2022-5-5-20. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Lee H., Park S., Kim J. Recent developments and prospects of sustainable remediation treatments for major contaminants in soil: a review. Science of the Total Environment. 2024. Vol. 912. P. 164713. DOI: 10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.168769<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Abrams F., Rossi A., Tzoulis A. Multi-criteria decision analysis to support the remediation of polluted soils: a review of case studies. Land. 2024. Vol. 13(6). P. 887. DOI: 10.3390\/land13060887<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Glavi\u010d-Cindro D. et al. Comparison of different approaches of soil sampling uncertainty determination. Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 2023. Vol. 194. P. 110682. DOI: 10.1016\/j.apradiso.2023.110676<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Tao H., Zhao D., Luo L. A risk-based approach for accurately delineating the extent of contaminated soil. Science of the Total Environment. 2024. Vol. 921. P. 167829. DOI: 10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.168231<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-eb70b495c976e3c9be3f0b283535c399 is-layout-flow wp-container-core-details-is-layout-5dafc681 wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700;line-height:1.5\"><summary><strong>Information about the author<\/strong><\/summary>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b291ae12 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"min-height:0px;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\"><strong>Yaroslav E. Klimavi\u010dius<\/strong>, Postgraduate Student, Samara National Research University named after Academician S.P. Korolev;<br>34 Moskovskoe shosse, Samara, 443086, Russia;<br>yklimavichus@bk.ru, ORCID: https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6571-1266, SPIN-code: 4114-0615<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Environmental pollution of land as a complex technical object of systems analysis J.E. Klimavi\u010dius Upload the full text Abstract: The relevance of this study lies in the fact that, despite the significant level of land contamination in Russia, there is no unified methodological approach for considering such areas as complex technical facilities. Most existing studies [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"wp-custom-template-home","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4924","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>27.5.5 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/27-5-5-en\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ru_RU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"27.5.5 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Environmental pollution of land as a complex technical object of systems analysis J.E. 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Klimavi\u010dius Upload the full text Abstract: The relevance of this study lies in the fact that, despite the significant level of land contamination in Russia, there is no unified methodological approach for considering such areas as complex technical facilities. 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