{"id":4340,"date":"2025-09-10T22:07:44","date_gmt":"2025-09-10T21:07:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/?page_id=4340"},"modified":"2026-04-13T08:58:09","modified_gmt":"2026-04-13T07:58:09","slug":"27-4-8-en","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/27-4-8-en\/","title":{"rendered":"27.4.8 En"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-lora-font-family\" style=\"font-size:24px\"><strong>Distribution of basic factors (land and labor) in agriculture in Russia in the inter-census period 2006\u20132016<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-92a4204fce99798f7401aa3d4cfc23c5\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\"><strong>M.Sh. Gazaeva<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-24a27e19 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-fa99f84d8051eb763ab85c3007cdb1c2\" style=\"color:#5b1919;text-decoration:underline\"><strong><strong>Upload the full text<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-9151b400 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"min-height:0px;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-15bf754d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100 is-style-outline is-style-outline--1\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-border-color has-small-font-size has-custom-font-size wp-element-button\" href=\"http:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/e\u2020s\u2020\u2022\u00a2\u2020-8.pdf\" style=\"border-color:#5b1919;border-style:solid;border-width:2px;border-radius:8px;color:#5b1919;padding-top:0.4rem;padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:0.4rem;padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">PDF<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:0px;width:0px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer wp-container-content-273e683f\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-828474a513729388dafeb2fe68cd0e80\" style=\"line-height:1.4\"><em><strong><strong>Abstract<\/strong>:<\/strong> <\/em>In recent decades, there has been a trend towards reducing the number of land and agricultural workers in Russian agriculture. Since these are the fundamental factors of agriculture on which the state and development of the national agricultural sector depend, it is an important scientific and practical task to identify the reasons that have led to this trend.<br><strong>Aim<\/strong>. The success of agriculture depends not only on access to basic resources, but also on maintaining a balance between them. When one factor is reduced, the other factors are also significantly reduced. Among the issues related to the balance of the main factors in agriculture, the aspect of the balance between the size of agricultural land and its use remains less studied. The present study aims to describe and quantify this aspect.<br><strong>Materials and methods<\/strong>. The centroid method is used to determine specific parameters of the geographical movement of agricultural land and labour resources in a country.<br><strong>Results<\/strong>. Based on the analysis of statistical data, the article identifies and describes the main trends in the development of two key factors \u2013 land and labor \u2013 in national agriculture. Unlike most papers that explore this issue, this study has two innovations. First, the research is conducted at a regional level; second, an attempt is made to identify a pattern in this trend.<br><strong>Conclusion<\/strong>. The results obtained allow us to make recommendations aimed at improving the efficiency of land use as a key factor in agriculture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-df03325adc83c022634de6b79d43432f\" style=\"line-height:1.4\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-bf281928e2f6340f896696e2ad06ff59\" style=\"line-height:1.4\"><strong><em><strong>Keywords<\/strong>:<\/em><\/strong> land, agricultural workers, regional features, abbreviations<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family wp-elements-54550fc4145ed689719d2e5faca07876\" style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:1.4\"><strong><strong>For citation<\/strong>.<\/strong> Gazaeva M.Sh. Distribution of basic factors (land and labor) in agriculture in Russia in the inter-census period 2006\u20132016. News of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of RAS. 2025. Vol. 27. No. 4. Pp. 104\u2013113. DOI: 10.35330\/1991-6639-2025-27-4-104-113<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family wp-elements-17c3333a0b1db39b7fa4a3e1a1572bc4\" style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:1.4\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-ea9c1f3bff31573537d9e3ac2f2012f1 is-layout-flow wp-container-core-details-is-layout-0ab540ad wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700;line-height:1.5\"><summary><strong>R<\/strong>eferences<\/summary>\n<ol style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Altukhov A.I. Agricultural zoning is the basis for the formation and development of specialized high\u2013tech zones in the country&#8217;s agriculture. Economics of agriculture in Russia. 2023. No. 12. Pp. 7\u201314. DOI: 10.32651\/2312-7. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Dyatlova L.A. The concept of &#171;genetic districts&#187; by A.N. Chelintseva. Spatial Economics. No. 2. Pp. 144\u2013153. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Katon M.P. Zemledeliye [Agriculture]. Translated and comm. by M.E. Sergeenko. Moscow: Nauka, 1950. 220 p. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Rakitnikov A.N. I. Tyunen and the significance of his works for the geography of agriculture. Bulletin of the Moscow University. Ser. 5. Geography. 1977. No. 2. Pp. 45\u201350. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Rakhaev B.M., Eneeva M.N., Alibiy F.M. Where is the Russian economic center located, and what was its behavior in 2005\u20132015? Izvestiya Russkogo geograficheskogo obshestva. 2019.<br>Vol. 151. No. 5. Pp. 67\u201378. DOI: 10.31857\/S0869-6071151567-78. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Uzun V.Ya., Saraikin V.A., Gataulina E.A. Klassifikatsiya sel&#8217;skokhozyaystvennykh proizvoditeley na osnove dannykh Vserossiyskoy sel&#8217;skokhozyaystvennoy perepisi 2006 goda [Classification of agricultural producers based on data from the 2006 All-Russian Agricultural Census]. Moscow: A.A. Nikonov VIAPI: ERD, 2010. P. 229. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Quesnay F., Turgot A.R.J., Dupont de Nemours P.S. Physiocrats. Selected economic works. \/ ed. P.N. Klyukina Moscow: Eksmo, 2008. 1200 p. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Chayanov A.V. Krest&#8217;yanskoye khozyaystvo: izbrannyye trudy [Peasant farming: Selected works]. Moscow: Ekonomika, 1989. 492 p. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Gataulin A.M. On optimizing the territorial allocation of productive forces in the agricultural sector of the economy. Izvestiya TLCA. 2009. Issue 5. Pp. 76\u201388. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Ioffe G.V., Nefedova T.G. Center and periphery in agriculture in Russian regions. Problems of forecasting. 2001. No. 2. Pp. 100\u2013110. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Moreva L.A., Tyurin V.N. Theoretical and methodological aspects of the study of agro\u2013industrial systems. Bulletin of the Tambov University. 2013. Vol. 18. Issue. 2. Pp. 660\u2013663. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Nosonov A.M. Territorial&#8217;nyye sistemy sel&#8217;skogo khozyaystva (ekonomiko-geograficheskiye aspekty issledovaniya) [Territorial systems of agriculture (economic and geographical aspects of research)]. Moscow: Janus-K, 2001. 324 p. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Rakhaev Kh.M., Bakkuev E.S., Eneeva M.N., Ivanova Z.M. Optimization of the ratio between the basic factors &#171;land-labor-capital&#187; for the further development of agriculture in Russia. Agroindustrial complex: Economics, management. 2024. No. 5. Pp. 46\u201360. DOI: 10.33305\/245-46. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Kot E.M., Toguzaev T.Kh., Gazaeva M.Sh. et al. The influence of changes in basic factors on the economic efficiency of agriculture in Russia. Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals. 2025. No. 2.<br>Vol. 25. Pp. 303\u2013318. DOI: 10.32417\/1997-4868. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Gubanova E.V., Tokmurzin T.M., Bannikov S.A. Spatial arrangement of agriculture: factors, research approaches, effectiveness. Bulletin of NGIEI. 2023. No. 4(143). Pp. 88\u201398. DOI: 10.24412\/2227-9407. (In Russian)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-d5a9fa53f471bd35722fa191472879fa is-layout-flow wp-container-core-details-is-layout-5dafc681 wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700;line-height:1.5\"><summary><strong>Information about the author<\/strong><\/summary>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b291ae12 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"min-height:0px;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\"><strong>Madina Sh. Gazaeva<\/strong>, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Management, Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov;<br>360030, Russia, Nalchik, 1v Lenin avenue;<br>mtramova@yahoo.com, ORCID: https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8868-4309, SPIN-code: 2030-4444<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Distribution of basic factors (land and labor) in agriculture in Russia in the inter-census period 2006\u20132016 M.Sh. Gazaeva Upload the full text Abstract: In recent decades, there has been a trend towards reducing the number of land and agricultural workers in Russian agriculture. Since these are the fundamental factors of agriculture on which the state [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"wp-custom-template-home","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4340","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>27.4.8 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/27-4-8-en\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ru_RU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"27.4.8 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Distribution of basic factors (land and labor) in agriculture in Russia in the inter-census period 2006\u20132016 M.Sh. Gazaeva Upload the full text Abstract: In recent decades, there has been a trend towards reducing the number of land and agricultural workers in Russian agriculture. Since these are the fundamental factors of agriculture on which the state [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/27-4-8-en\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-13T07:58:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"5 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/index.php\\\/en\\\/27-4-8-en\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/index.php\\\/en\\\/27-4-8-en\\\/\",\"name\":\"27.4.8 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-09-10T21:07:44+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-13T07:58:09+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/index.php\\\/en\\\/27-4-8-en\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/index.php\\\/en\\\/27-4-8-en\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/index.php\\\/en\\\/27-4-8-en\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"27.4.8 En\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\",\"description\":\"\u041d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/07\\\/oblozhka-zhurnala-na-angl-scaled.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/07\\\/oblozhka-zhurnala-na-angl-scaled.jpg\",\"width\":1828,\"height\":2560,\"caption\":\"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"27.4.8 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/27-4-8-en\/","og_locale":"ru_RU","og_type":"article","og_title":"27.4.8 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb","og_description":"Distribution of basic factors (land and labor) in agriculture in Russia in the inter-census period 2006\u20132016 M.Sh. Gazaeva Upload the full text Abstract: In recent decades, there has been a trend towards reducing the number of land and agricultural workers in Russian agriculture. Since these are the fundamental factors of agriculture on which the state [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/27-4-8-en\/","og_site_name":"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb","article_modified_time":"2026-04-13T07:58:09+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f":"5 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/27-4-8-en\/","url":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/27-4-8-en\/","name":"27.4.8 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/#website"},"datePublished":"2025-09-10T21:07:44+00:00","dateModified":"2026-04-13T07:58:09+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/27-4-8-en\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ru-RU","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/27-4-8-en\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/27-4-8-en\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430","item":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"27.4.8 En"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/#website","url":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/","name":"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb","description":"\u041d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ru-RU"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/#organization","name":"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb","url":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ru-RU","@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/oblozhka-zhurnala-na-angl-scaled.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/oblozhka-zhurnala-na-angl-scaled.jpg","width":1828,"height":2560,"caption":"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4340","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4340"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4340\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11328,"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4340\/revisions\/11328"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4340"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}