{"id":4334,"date":"2025-09-10T22:03:11","date_gmt":"2025-09-10T21:03:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/?page_id=4334"},"modified":"2026-04-13T08:56:36","modified_gmt":"2026-04-13T07:56:36","slug":"27-4-5-en","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/27-4-5-en\/","title":{"rendered":"27.4.5 En"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Applicability assessment for seed endophytic fungal microbiome structure in the breeding of soft spring wheat<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

F. Duksi, G.N. Bondarenko, V.A. Burlutsky, Yu.V. Tsvetkova, G.O. Dekin, N.V. Davydova<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n
\n

Upload the full text<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n
PDF<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Abstract<\/strong>:<\/strong> <\/em>The paper presents the research outcomes for community structure of the endophytic fungi in the seed of some new highly productive genotypes in soft spring wheat, created using complex breeding and genetic methodologies: haplo-biotechnology, the ecological and geographical selecting parental forms in the design of complex spring-winter hybrids (ecological valents), to reveal the possibility of evaluating breeding material when breeding new commercial varieties.
Aim<\/strong>. To investigate the endophytic community (pathogenic and non\u2013pathogenic), in wheat seeds to determine the feasibility of this type of evaluation to assess resistance to fungal diseases, as well as to understand the complex interactions between these fungi, plants and the environment.
Materials and methods<\/strong>. Genotypes of soft spring wheat created using modern breeding and genetic approaches (haplo-biotechnology, ecological and geographical selection of parental pairs in the construction of complex spring-winter hybrids). A microbiological technique is used (isolating the pathogen on a growth medium, obtaining a pure culture), which includes morphological identification (microscopy). The initial diagnosis is confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on primers developed for the (ITS)
region, followed by Sanger sequencing.
Results<\/strong>. Differences are shown in the community structure of endophytic fungi in the seed material, depending on the breeding lines (genotypes) of spring wheat. 7 species of fungi belonging to 5 genera are identified. Pathogenic fungi from the genera Fusarium and Alternaria, as well as non-pathogenic fungi from Trichoderma and Clonostachys, are found among them.
Conclusions and recommendations<\/strong>. The results of this study contribute to a broader understanding of the formation of beneficial endophytic communities in agriculture and breeding (selection of resistant wheat varieties, which would reduce the need for pesticides). The study of such fungi is a promising area of research for the breeding of soft wheat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keywords<\/strong>:<\/em><\/strong> breeding, plant protection, soft spring wheat, cultivar, endophytic microorganisms, fungi, Fusarium head blight, microscopy, Sanger sequencing<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For citation<\/strong>.<\/strong> Duksi F., Bondarenko G.N., Burlutskiy V.A., Tsvetkova Yu.V., Dekin G.O., Davydova N.V. Applicability assessment for seed endophytic fungal microbiome structure in the breeding of soft spring wheat. News of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of RAS. 2025. Vol. 27. No. 4. Pp. 70\u201384. DOI: 10.35330\/1991-6639-2025-27-4-70-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R<\/strong>eferences<\/summary>\n
    \n
  1. Shalaeva L.V. World and Russian grain market: assessment of trends and prospects. Food policy and security. 2023. Vol. 10. No. 2. Pp. 287\u2013302. DOI: 10.18334\/ppib.10.2.117014. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Slovareva O.Yu. Production, export and import of cereals and compilation of a list of phytopathogenic bacteria associated with them. Agrarian Bulletin of the North Caucasus. 2023.
    No. 3(51). Pp. 47\u201354. DOI: 10.31279\/2949-4796-2023-3-51-47-54 (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Mal’chikov P.N., Myasnikova M.G. Development of breeding of spring durum wheat in Russia (former USSR countries), results and prospects. Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2023. Vol. 27. No. 6. Pp. 591\u2013608. DOI: 10.18699\/VJGB-23-71. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Gen A.A., Burlutskiy V.A., Gringof I.G. et al. Photometric and ultrasonic methods for assessing the condition of barley crops. Hydrometeorology and education. 2025. No. 1. Pp. 76\u201393. EDN: LBNGJM. (In Russian) <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Gagkaeva T., Gavrilova O., Orina A. et al. Analysis of toxigenic fusarium species associated with wheat grain from three regions of Russia: Volga, Ural, and West Siberia. Toxins. 2019. Vol. 11. No. 5. P. 252. DOI: 10.3390\/toxins11050252<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. Pigalov A.V., Soloviev A.A., Garibyan Ts.S. Effects of fusarium fungi on the yield and quality of wheat and triticale and the possibility of using RNA interference and small RNA in the fight against fungal diseases. In: International Congress «VIII Congress of the Vavilov Society of Geneticists and Breeders, dedicated to the 300th anniversary of Russian science and higher education». Collection of abstracts. St. Petersburg, 2024. P. 663. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. Chumakov A.E., Minkevich I.I., Vlasov Yu.I., Gavrilova E.A. Basic methods of phytopathological research. Moscow: Kolos, VNIIZR, 1974. Pp. 131\u2013139. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8. EPPO Standard PM 7\/86 (1). EPPO Bulletin. 2009. Vol. 39. Pp. 18\u201324. DOI: 10.1111\/j.1365-2338.2009.02245.x<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  9. White T., Bruns T., Lee S., Taylor J. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. PCR Protocols, a Guide to Methods and Applications. San Diego: Academic Press. 1990. Pp. 315\u2013322. DOI: 10.1016\/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  10. Kuznetsova A.A., Tsvetkova Yu.V., Kamchenkov A.V. Culture morphological characteristics of the pathogen Diaporthe vaccinii in regulated products \u2013 cranberry plants. Plant Health and Quarantine. 2021. No. 2. Pp. 27\u201336. DOI: 10.69536\/FKR.2021.49.45.001. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  11. Belkin D.L., Bondarenko G.N., Yaremko A.B., Uvarova D.A. Sequencing method by types for identifying quarantine pests. Karantin rastenij. Nauka i praktika [Plant Quarantine. Science and Practice]. 2019. No. 2(28). Pp. 31\u201334. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  12. Rauwane M.E., Ogugua U.V., Kalu C.M. et al. Pathogenicity and virulence factors of fusarium graminearum including factors discovered using next generation sequencing technologies and proteomics. Microorganisms. 2020. Vol. 8. No. 2. P. 305. DOI: 10.3390\/microorganisms8020305<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  13. Bianchini A., Battilani P. Climate change and Fusarium mycotoxins: A review of trends and predictions. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A. 2021. Vol. 38. No. 6. Pp. 943\u2013954. DOI: 10.1080\/19440049.2021.1914864<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  14. Gizachew H.R. Harnessing and sounding the alarm on fusarium head blight of wheat: current status, biology, detection and diagnosis method, mycotoxins, and integrated management options. Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2023. Vol. 13. No. 4. Pp. 227\u2013243.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  15. Awuchi C.G., Ondari E.N., Ogbonna C.U. et al. Mycotoxins affecting animals, foods, humans, and plants: types, occurrence, toxicities, action mechanisms, prevention, and detoxification strategies \u2013 a revisit. Foods. 2021. Vol. 10. No. 6. P. 1279. DOI: 10.3390\/foods10061279<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  16. T\u00fcrk\u00f6lmez \u015e., \u00d6zer G., Dervi\u015f S. Clonostachys rosea Strain ST1140: An endophytic plantgrowth-promoting fungus, and its potential use in seedbeds with wheat-grain substrate. Current Microbiology. 2022. Vol. 80. No. 1. P. 36. DOI: 10.1007\/s00284-022-03146-3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  17. Zin N.A., Badaluddin N.A. Biological functions of Trichoderma spp. for agriculture applications. Annals of Agricultural Sciences. 2020. Vol. 65. No. 2. Pp. 168\u2013178. DOI: 10.1016\/j.aoas.2020.09.003<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  18. Bernal S.P.F., Gritti M.A., Dos Santos V.P. et al. Pharmaceutical biotechnological potential of filamentous fungi isolated from textile industry. Archives of Microbiology. 2021. Vol. 203. No. 7. Pp. 3933\u20133944. DOI: 10.1007\/s00203-021-02379-3<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n
    Information about the author<\/strong>s<\/summary>\n
    \n

    Fatima Duksi<\/strong>, Agronomist Testing laboratory center of the All-Russian Plant Quarantine Center;
    140150, Russia, Moscow region, Ramensky municipal district, Bykovo urban settlement,
    32 Pogranichnaya street;
    Postgraduate student of the Agrarian faculty of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba;
    117198, Russia, Moscow, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya street;
    f.duksi@gmail.com, ORCID: https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7353-7816, SPIN-code: 9937-6393<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Galina N. Bondarenko<\/strong>, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher, Head of the testing laboratory center of the All-Russian Plant Quarantine Center;
    140150, Russia, Moscow region, Ramensky municipal district, Bykovo urban settlement,
    32 Pogranichnaya street;
    Associate Professor of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba;
    117198, Russia, Moscow, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya street;
    ORCID: https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2172-7634; SPIN-code: 2631-5209
    Valeriy A. Burlutskiy<\/strong>, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Lecturer, Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba;
    117198, Russia, Moscow, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya street;
    Leading Researcher, Research Unit, Plant Production Technology, Kaluga Research Agriculture Institute \u2013 branch of Russian Potato Research Centre;
    249142, Kaluga Region, Peremyshlsky District, Kaluga Experimental Agricultural Station, 2 Tsentralnaya street;
    burlutskiy-va@rudn.ru, ORCID: https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5072-4766, SPIN-code: 4167-4646
    Yulia V. Tsvetkova<\/strong>, Researcher, Mycology Laboratory, Testing Laboratory Center, All-Russian Plant Quarantine Center;
    140150, Russia, Moscow region, Ramensky municipal district, Bykovo urban settlement,
    32 Pogranichnaya street;
    SPIN-code: 2744-1123
    Ghebriel O. Dekin<\/strong>, Postgraduate Student of the Agrarian faculty of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba;
    117198, Russia, Moscow, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya street;
    ghebrielokba@gmail.com, ORCID: https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4460-1077
    Natalia V. Davydova<\/strong>, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Head of the Laboratory of Selection and Primary Seed Production of Spring Wheat Federal Research Center \u201cNemchinovka\u201d;
    143026, Russia, Moscow Region, Odintsovo, Novoivanovskoye, 6 Agrokhimikov street;
    SPIN-code: 5470-3052<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Applicability assessment for seed endophytic fungal microbiome structure in the breeding of soft spring wheat F. Duksi, G.N. Bondarenko, V.A. Burlutsky, Yu.V. Tsvetkova, G.O. Dekin, N.V. Davydova Upload the full text Abstract: The paper presents the research outcomes for community structure of the endophytic fungi in the seed of some new highly productive genotypes in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"wp-custom-template-home","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4334","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n27.4.5 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/27-4-5-en\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ru_RU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"27.4.5 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Applicability assessment for seed endophytic fungal microbiome structure in the breeding of soft spring wheat F. Duksi, G.N. Bondarenko, V.A. Burlutsky, Yu.V. Tsvetkova, G.O. Dekin, N.V. Davydova Upload the full text Abstract: The paper presents the research outcomes for community structure of the endophytic fungi in the seed of some new highly productive genotypes in […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/27-4-5-en\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-13T07:56:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"7 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/index.php\\\/en\\\/27-4-5-en\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/index.php\\\/en\\\/27-4-5-en\\\/\",\"name\":\"27.4.5 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-09-10T21:03:11+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-13T07:56:36+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/index.php\\\/en\\\/27-4-5-en\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/index.php\\\/en\\\/27-4-5-en\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/index.php\\\/en\\\/27-4-5-en\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"27.4.5 En\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\",\"description\":\"\u041d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/07\\\/oblozhka-zhurnala-na-angl-scaled.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/07\\\/oblozhka-zhurnala-na-angl-scaled.jpg\",\"width\":1828,\"height\":2560,\"caption\":\"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"27.4.5 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/27-4-5-en\/","og_locale":"ru_RU","og_type":"article","og_title":"27.4.5 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb","og_description":"Applicability assessment for seed endophytic fungal microbiome structure in the breeding of soft spring wheat F. Duksi, G.N. Bondarenko, V.A. Burlutsky, Yu.V. Tsvetkova, G.O. Dekin, N.V. Davydova Upload the full text Abstract: The paper presents the research outcomes for community structure of the endophytic fungi in the seed of some new highly productive genotypes in […]","og_url":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/27-4-5-en\/","og_site_name":"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb","article_modified_time":"2026-04-13T07:56:36+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f":"7 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/27-4-5-en\/","url":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/27-4-5-en\/","name":"27.4.5 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/#website"},"datePublished":"2025-09-10T21:03:11+00:00","dateModified":"2026-04-13T07:56:36+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/27-4-5-en\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ru-RU","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/27-4-5-en\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/27-4-5-en\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430","item":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"27.4.5 En"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/#website","url":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/","name":"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb","description":"\u041d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ru-RU"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/#organization","name":"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb","url":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ru-RU","@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/oblozhka-zhurnala-na-angl-scaled.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/oblozhka-zhurnala-na-angl-scaled.jpg","width":1828,"height":2560,"caption":"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4334","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4334"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4334\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11325,"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4334\/revisions\/11325"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4334"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}