{"id":2362,"date":"2025-05-19T07:32:35","date_gmt":"2025-05-19T06:32:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/newskbncran.ru\/?page_id=2362"},"modified":"2026-03-27T10:51:26","modified_gmt":"2026-03-27T10:51:26","slug":"26-6-30-en","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/26-6-30-en\/","title":{"rendered":"26.6.30 en"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-lora-font-family\" style=\"font-size:24px\"><strong>Khumara village. Brief historical essay<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-elements-a8bcd8f6ee36842549571155107c016e\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\"><strong><strong><strong><strong>I.Kh. Gukemukh<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-24a27e19 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-elements-53f47014b6d7b0bdfff77f9db451e97c\" style=\"color:#5b1919;text-decoration:underline\"><strong>Upload the full text<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-9151b400 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"min-height:0px;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-15bf754d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100 is-style-outline is-style-outline--1\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-border-color has-small-font-size has-custom-font-size wp-element-button\" href=\"http:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/gukemuh-30-1.pdf\" style=\"border-color:#5b1919;border-style:solid;border-width:2px;border-radius:8px;color:#5b1919;padding-top:0.4rem;padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:0.4rem;padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">PDF<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:0px;width:0px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer wp-container-content-273e683f\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-6c3ae8c70f53934c7bc090208ed96077\" style=\"line-height:1.4\"><strong><em>Abstract.<\/em><\/strong> The essay attempts to outline the prehistory and history of the Khumara village. The first part is a brief historiographical review of medieval sources of the 10th\u201312th centuries, works of Russian and European authors of the 17th\u201319th centuries, as well as archaeological research of the second half of the 20th century, devoted to the reasons for the emergence of the first settlement and fortress in this area. The second part covers the history of the village \u2013 from its foundation in the 19th century to the present. The paper is based on archival documents of the 19th century, scientific publications of the 2000s, information from local history websites, newspaper articles and oral reports from local informants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-48b5277a5c3ad152eee215d7adbd4438\" style=\"line-height:1.4\"><strong><em>Keywords: <\/em><\/strong>Northern Caucasus, Upper Kuban region, Khumara settlement, monuments of the early Iron Age, fortress of the Khazar period, the Abukovs, Khumara village, stages of history<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family wp-elements-3496209ed55d65b54a75719343cab535\" style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:1.4\"><strong>For citation<\/strong>. Gukemukh I.Kh. Khumara village. Brief historical essay. <em>News of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of RAS.<\/em><strong> <\/strong>2024. Vol. 26. No. 6. Pp. 344\u2013362. DOI: 10.35330<strong>\/<\/strong>1991-6639-2024-26-6-344-362<\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-4c7e3bddad56ce5161d19d485cbe3fd6 is-layout-flow wp-container-core-details-is-layout-0ab540ad wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700;line-height:1.5\"><summary><strong>R<\/strong>eferences<\/summary>\n<ol style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Pis&#8217;mo Anastasiya Apokrisiariya Feodosiyu Gangrskomu. Ispovednik Prepodobnyy Maksim [Letter of Anastasius Apocrisiarius to Theodosius of Gangra. Confessor Venerable Maximus]. URL: https:\/\/religion.wikireading.ru\/hRYjKiPtHG (date of access: 12.10.2024). (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Kartlis Tskhovreba (history of Georgia). Tbilisi: Artanuji. 2008. P. 126. 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Where did the name &#171;Kabarda&#187; come from? Mir kul&#8217;tury [World of Culture]. No. 1. Nalchik: 1990. Pp. 142\u2013143. URL: https:\/\/www.adygi.ru\/index.php?newsid=8805 (accessed 13.10.2024). (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Dubois de Montpere, Frederic. Puteshestviye vokrug Kavkaza [Journey around the Caucasus]. Vol. I. Sukhumi: 1937. Pp. 23\u201324. URL: file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/user\/Downloads\/dubua_de_monpere_f_puteshestvie_vokrug_kavkaza_1937.pdf (accessed on 22.10.2024). (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Kuznetsov V.A. Inscriptions of the Khumara settlement. Sovetskaya arkheologiya [Soviet archeology]. 1963. No. 1. Pp. 298\u2013305. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Kuznetsov V.A. Alanskiye plemena Severnogo Kavkaza [Alanian tribes of the North Caucasus]. Moscow: AN SSSR, 1962. 164 p. 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[Khumara settlement (ed. by Pletneva S.A.)] Cherkessk: Karachayevo-Cherkesskoye otdeleniye Stavropol&#8217;skogo knizhnogo izdatel&#8217;stva, 1983. 226 p. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Abramova M.P. Scythian-era settlement near the Khumara village in the Upper Kuban. Drevnosti Severnogo Kavkaza [Antiquities of the North Caucasus]. Moscow: Institut arkheologii RAN. 1999. Pp. 89\u2013102. URL: https:\/\/instituteofhistory.ru\/media\/library\/publication\/files (accessed: 12.09.2024). (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Gutnov F.Kh. Retsenziya na broshyuru Takhira Mollayeva \u00abNovyy vzglyad na istoriyu osetinskogo naroda\u00bb [Review of the brochure by Takhir Mollaev &#171;A New Look at the History of the Ossetian People&#187;]. URL: http:\/\/\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0444\u043e\u043d\u0434.\u0440\u0444\/?page_id=5920. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Narty. Adygskiy geroicheskiy epos [Narty. Adyghe Heroic Epic]. Moscow: Nauka, 1974. 415 p. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Kochkarov U.Yu., Zhukovsky M.O. Some issues of the planigraphy and fortification system of the Khumara settlement. Vestnik VolGU. Seriya 4: Istoriya. Regionovedeniye. Mezhdunarodnyye otnosheniya. [Bulletin of VolSU. Series 4: History. Regional Studies. International Relations]. 2020. Vol. 25. No. 4. Pp. 225\u2013235. DOI: 10.15688\/jvolsu4.2020.4.15. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Protoierey George Florovsky. Prepodobnyy Maksim Ispovednik. Zhitiye i tvoreniya [Reverend Maximus the Confessor. Life and Works]. Vizantiyskiye ottsy V\u2013VIII vv. [Byzantine Fathers of the 5th\u20138th Centuries]. Minsk: Izd-vo Belorusskogo Ekzarkhata. 2006. 335 p. URL: https:\/\/azbyka.ru\/otechnik\/Georgij_Florovskij\/vizantijskie-ottsy-v-viii-vekov\/10 (accessed: 15.09.2024). (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Vinogradov A.Yu. Once again on the question of the place of exile, death and burial of St. Maximus the Confessor and his companions. Bogoslovskiye trudy [Theological Works]. No. 45. URL: https:\/\/azbyka.ru\/otechnik\/Maksim_Ispovednik\/eshhe-raz-k-voprosu-o-meste-ssylki-konchiny-i-pogrebenija-prp-maksima-ispovednika-i-ego-sputnikov\/#source (date of access: 19.08.2024). (In Russian)\\<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Mamkhegov A.B. Materials for the biography of the actual state councilor D.S. Kodzokov. Kavkazologiya [Kavkazology]. 2019. No. 1. Pp. 95\u2013122. DOI: 10.31143\/2542-212X-2019-1-95-122. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Tsentral&#8217;nyy gosudarstvennyy arkhiv KBR [Central State Archives of the Kabardino- Balkarian Republic]. F. 1209. Op. 14 add. D. 31. (In Russian) <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Sbornik dokumentov po soslovnomu pravu narodov Severnogo Kavkaza, 1793\u20131897 gg. Vol. 2. [Collection of documents on the class law of the peoples of the North Caucasus, 1793\u20131897]. Vol. 2. Comp. H. M. Dumanov et al. Nalchik: El-Fa, 2003. 343 p. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Tsentral&#8217;nyy gosudarstvennyy arkhiv RSO-Alaniya [Central State Archives of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania]. [F. 262. Op. 1. D. 71. L. 74 ob. 75]. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Osnovnyye administrativno-territorial&#8217;nyye preobrazovaniya na Kubani (1793\u20131985 gg.) [The main administrative-territorial transformations in Kuban (1793\u20131985)]. Krasnodar, 1986. 98 p. URL: https:\/\/adm-kush.ru\/administratsiya\/podrazdeleniya\/files\/ KnigaN1.pdf (date of access 12.09.2024). (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Gosudarstvennyy arkhiv Krasnodarskogo kraya [State archives of Krasnodar krai]. [F-774. op. 2, unit. chr. 116, p. 10-10 rev.]. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Pobediteli [Winners]. Stavropol: Stavropol&#8217;servisshkola, 2005. 280 p. URL: http:\/\/www.elbrusoid.org\/upload\/iblock\/e29\/e2904d07458c4aa37afe4ed1d03e5e82.pdf (accessed: 17.10.2024). (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Danilova E.N. Abaziny. Istoriko-etnograficheskoye issledovaniye khozyaystva i obshchinnoy organizatsii. XIX vek [Abazins. Historical and ethnographic study of the economy and community organization. XIX century]. M.: Izd-vo Moskovskogo universiteta, 1984. 144 p. URL: http:\/\/apsnyteka.org\/1539-danilova_e_abaziny.html#3 (date of access: 29. 10.2024). (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Kozhev Z.A. Circassian (Adyghe) horse breeding and equestrian tradition. Istoricheskiy vestnik [Historical Bulletin]. Nalchik, 2012. No. XI. Pp. 3\u201326. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Bakov Kh.I. On the creative fate of the first Circassian novelist Khalid Abukov. Vestnik Adygeyskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: filologiya i iskusstvovedeniye [Bulletin of Adyghe State University. Series: Philology and Art Criticism]. 2018. No. 1(212). Pp. 111\u2013115. EDN: XPTVUT. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Bol&#8217;shoy terror v Abkhazii (Abkhazskaya ASSR): 1937\u20131938 gg. [The Great Terror in Abkhazia (Abkhaz ASSR): 1937\u20131938]. Sukhum, 2017. Vol. 1. P. 119. https:\/\/iverieli.nplg.gov.ge\/bitstream\/1234\/258736\/1\/Bolshoi_Teror_V_Abxazii_Tom_I.pdf (accessed: 07.10.2024). (In Russian)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-8cfdce0ad276cf58f9197a982d53bd07 is-layout-flow wp-container-core-details-is-layout-5dafc681 wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700;line-height:1.5\"><summary><strong>Information about the author<\/strong><\/summary>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b291ae12 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"min-height:0px;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\"><strong>Ibragim Kh. Gukemukh<\/strong>, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Researcher, Center for Natural Science<br>Methods in Archaeology, Anthropology and Archaeography, Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of<br>the Russian Academy of Sciences;<br>360000, Russia, Nalchik, 37-a I. Armand street;<br>IBRAGUK22@gmail.com, ORCID: https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7908-6463, SPIN-code: 2415-2346<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Khumara village. Brief historical essay I.Kh. Gukemukh Upload the full text Abstract. The essay attempts to outline the prehistory and history of the Khumara village. The first part is a brief historiographical review of medieval sources of the 10th\u201312th centuries, works of Russian and European authors of the 17th\u201319th centuries, as well as archaeological research [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"wp-custom-template-home","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2362","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>26.6.30 en - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/26-6-30-en\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ru_RU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"26.6.30 en - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Khumara village. 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