{"id":15422,"date":"2026-06-24T13:18:07","date_gmt":"2026-06-24T12:18:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/?page_id=15422"},"modified":"2026-06-30T12:37:15","modified_gmt":"2026-06-30T11:37:15","slug":"28-3-12-en","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/28-3-12-en\/","title":{"rendered":"28.3.12 En"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

NPK in ordinary chernozem and the role of mineral fertilizers in enhancing winter wheat yield and grain quality<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A.Yu. Ozheredova, V.N. Sitnikov, A.N. Esaulko, V.A. Borodin, M.Yu. Azarova<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Abstract<\/strong><\/strong>. <\/em>Agricultural intensification makes mineral fertilizers indispensable, but their uncontrolled use causes nutrient imbalances, reduces soil fertility, and poses environmental risks. Hence, monitoring the dynamics of essential macronutrients regulating crop yield and quality attributes becomes imperative. Consequently, this study offers a novel approach by evaluating macronutrient dynamics in ordinary chernozem under different fertilizer regimes and assessing their subsequent impact on winter wheat yield and quality.
Aim<\/strong>. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of mineral fertilizer rates on NPK dynamics in ordinary chernozem, as well as on the yield and grain quality of winter wheat.
Materials and methods<\/strong>. The study was arranged as a two-factor experiment: Factor A \u2013 fertilization rate (control without fertilizer; recommended (N215P65); calculated for a planned yield of 10.5 t\/ha (N257P135K75); Factor B \u2013 winter wheat variety (‘Shkola’, ‘Tsatsa’). Factor B comprised the winter wheat cultivars ‘Shkola’ and ‘Tsatsa’. The field trials were carried out between 2023 and 2025 at the Kuban Experimental Breeding Farm, located in the Kochubeevsky District, Stavropol Territory. All analyses were performed using standardized methodologies.
Results<\/strong>. The results showed that fertilizer application significantly increased soil nutrient content, with (NO3) reaching up to 13.4 mg\/kg and (P2O5) up to 14.1 mg\/kg. The calculated rate (N257P135K75) provided the greatest increment in K2O concentration (+20 mg\/kg). Mobile phosphorus and potassium levels decreased from germination to full maturity. The highest yield (9.87 t\/ha) and grain quality (24.0 % gluten, 18.4 % protein) were recorded in the ‘Tsatsa’ variety fertilized with N257P135K75.
Conclusion<\/strong>. Soil monitoring is indispensable, as it enables an accurate assessment of the current plant nutritional status. The calculated fertilizer rate ensures maximum crop yields and superior grain quality. The ‘Tsatsa’ variety proved to be the most responsive to fertilizer application. Consequently, it is recommended for agricultural production in unstable moisture zones on leached chernozem against the background of the N257P135K75 fertilization rate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Keywords<\/strong><\/em><\/strong>:<\/em> winter wheat, mineral fertilizer rates, variety, nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, potassium, yield, grain quality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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For citation<\/strong>.<\/strong> Ozheredova A.Yu., Sitnikov V.N., Esaulko A.N., Borodin V.A., Azarova M.Yu. NPK in ordinary chernozem and the role of mineral fertilizers in enhancing winter wheat yield and grain quality. News of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of RAS. 2026. Vol. 28. No. 3. Pp. 153\u2013164. DOI: 10.35330\/1991-6639-2026-28-3-153-164<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u00a9   Ozheredova A.Yu., Sitnikov V.N., Esaulko A.N., Borodin V.A., Azarova M.Yu., 2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Content is available under license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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R<\/strong>eferences<\/summary>\n
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  1. Ozheredova A.Yu., Sitnikov V.N., Esaulko A.N. et al. Agrokhimicheskoye obsledovaniye pochv [Agrochemical examination of soils]. Stavropol: Stavropol’skiy gosudarstvennyy agrarnyy universitet, 2023. 508 p. ISBN: 978-5-9596-1915-2. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Sheudzhen A.Kh., Neshchadim N.N., Gaidukova N.G., Shabanova I.V. Influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on physical and chemical properties of leached chernozem and its contamination with heavy metals. Agrokhimia. 2019. No. 1. Pp. 19\u201328. DOI: 10.1134\/S0002188119010095. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Lukyanov V.A., Dudkina T.A. Formation of biological yield of winter wheat with the use of different types of fertilizers in the Central Black Earth Region. Agrarian Science. 2025. No. 8. Pp. 64\u201369. DOI: 10.32634\/0869-8155-2025-397-08-64-69. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Belyaev A.I., Petrov N.Yu., Kuznetsova E.A. et al. The mineral nutrition in matters of the winter wheat yield in the south of Russia. Proceeding of Lower Volga Agro-University Complex: Science and Higher Education. 2025. No. 4(82). Pp. 13\u201320. DOI: 10.32786\/2071-9485-2025-04-01. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Nagaytsev D.V., Barnashova E.K. Grain quality assessment of winter soft wheat collection samples at Moscow Agricultural Academy. Izvestiya of Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. 2025. No. 2. Pp. 115\u2013135. DOI: 10.26897\/0021-342X-2025-2-115-135. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. Oganyan L.R., Eroshenko F.V. Influence of agricultural practices on the yield and grain quality of various winter wheat varieties. Agricultural Journal. 2025. No. 4(18). Pp. 57\u201367.
    DOI: 10.48612\/FARC\/2687-1254\/006.4.18.2025. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. Sitnikov V.N., Esaulko A.N., Ozheredova A.Yu. et al. Optimization of mineral nutrition of winter wheat plants based on the integrated application of macro- and micro-fertilizers on leached chernozem. Plodorodie. 2023. No. 4(133). Pp. 102\u2013107. DOI: 10.25680\/S19948603.2023.133.25. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8. Ustimenko E.A., Esaulko A.N., Golosnoy E.V. et al. Programmirovaniye urozhayev sel’skokhozyaystvennykh kul’tur [Programming of Agricultural Crop Yields]. Stavropol: Stavropol’skiy gosudarstvennyy agrarnyy universitet, 2019. 180 p. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  9. Ozheredova A.Yu., Sitnikov V.N., Esaulko A.N. et al. Realizatsiya potentsial’noy produktivnosti ozimoy pshenitsy za schet optimizatsii mineral’nogo pitaniya v dinamicheskikh
    usloviyakh vneshney sredy v pochvenno-klimaticheskikh zonakh Tsentral’nogo Predkavkaz’ya: Rekomendatsii po prakticheskomu obosnovaniyu primeneniya norm mineral’nykh udobreniy pod ozimuyu pshenitsu v trekh pochvenno-klimaticheskikh zonakh Tsentral’nogo Predkavkaz’ya [Realization of potential productivity of winter wheat due to optimization of mineral nutrition under dynamic environmental conditions in the soil and climatic zones of the Central Ciscaucasia: Recommendations for the practical justification of the application of mineral fertilizer rates for winter wheat in three soil and climatic zones of the Central Ciscaucasia]. Stavropol: AGRUS, 56 p. EDN: MXAXHO. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  10. Tskhovrebov V.S., Faizova V.I., Tskhovrebov S.V., Senkova L.A. The content of nutrients and yield of winter wheat in the twelfth year after remineralization of leached chernozem.
    Zemledelie. 2019. No. 7. Pp. 12\u201314. DOI: 10.24411\/0044-3913-2019-10702. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  11. Tavadov A.S., Nichipurenko E.N. Assessment of the influence of mineral fertilizers on the yield and grain quality of winter wheat against the background of sugar beet as a predecessor in the Central Black Earth zone of Kuban. Transactions of Taurida Agricultural Science. No. 42 (205). Pp. 80\u201394. EDN: PCMLXH. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  12. Shchukina V.A. Winter wheat in Krasnodar Krai: agrotechnical foundations for achieving high yields. Pridneprovskiy nauchnyy vestnik [Pridneprovsky Scientific Bulletin]. 2025. Vol. 9. No. 1. Pp. 86\u201389. (In Russian)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n
    Information about the authors<\/strong><\/summary>\n
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    Alena Yu. Ozheredova<\/strong>, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Agrochemistry and Plant Physiology, Stavropol State Agrarian University;
    12, Zootechnicheskiy lane, Stavropol, 355017, Russia;
    alena.gurueva@mail.ru, ORCID: https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6038-6409, SPIN-code: 3968-8440
    Vladimir N. Sitnikov<\/strong>, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, Rector of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Stavropol State Agrarian University;
    12, Zootechnicheskiy lane, Stavropol, 355017, Russia;
    rector@stgau.ru, ORCID: https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7557-555X, SPIN-code: 6029-8733
    Aleksandr N. Esaulko<\/strong>, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Department of Agrochemistry and Plant Physiology, Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director of the Institute of Agrobiology and Natural Resources), Stavropol State Agrarian University;
    12, Zootechnicheskiy lane, Stavropol, 355017, Russia;
    aesaulko@yandex.ru, ORCID: https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0441-9055, SPIN-code: 5497-6339
    Vadim A. Borodin<\/strong>, Master\u2019s Student, Institute of Agrobiology and Natural Resources, Stavropol State Agrarian University;
    12, Zootechnicheskiy lane, Stavropol, 355017, Russia;
    borodinvadja126@mail.ru, ORCID: https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6279-3711
    Margarita Yu. Azarova<\/strong>, Senior Lecturer, Department of Agrochemistry and Plant Physiology, Stavropol State Agrarian University;
    12, Zootechnicheskiy lane, Stavropol, 355017, Russia;
    azarova778@gmail.com, ORCID: https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7109-1227, SPIN-code: 6737-8380<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

    Funding<\/strong><\/summary>\n

    The study was performed without external funding.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    NPK in ordinary chernozem and the role of mineral fertilizers in enhancing winter wheat yield and grain quality A.Yu. Ozheredova, V.N. Sitnikov, A.N. Esaulko, V.A. Borodin, M.Yu. Azarova Abstract. Agricultural intensification makes mineral fertilizers indispensable, but their uncontrolled use causes nutrient imbalances, reduces soil fertility, and poses environmental risks. Hence, monitoring the dynamics of essential […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"wp-custom-template-home","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15422","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n28.3.12 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/28-3-12-en\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ru_RU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"28.3.12 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"NPK in ordinary chernozem and the role of mineral fertilizers in enhancing winter wheat yield and grain quality A.Yu. Ozheredova, V.N. Sitnikov, A.N. Esaulko, V.A. Borodin, M.Yu. Azarova Abstract. Agricultural intensification makes mineral fertilizers indispensable, but their uncontrolled use causes nutrient imbalances, reduces soil fertility, and poses environmental risks. 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Ozheredova, V.N. Sitnikov, A.N. Esaulko, V.A. Borodin, M.Yu. Azarova Abstract. Agricultural intensification makes mineral fertilizers indispensable, but their uncontrolled use causes nutrient imbalances, reduces soil fertility, and poses environmental risks. 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