{"id":11696,"date":"2026-04-22T09:24:44","date_gmt":"2026-04-22T08:24:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/?page_id=11696"},"modified":"2026-06-04T10:25:53","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T09:25:53","slug":"28-2-9-en","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/28-2-9-en\/","title":{"rendered":"28.2.9 En"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The impact of supply chain disruptions caused by international sanctions on the development of sovereign economies: Difference-in-Difference methods of analysis<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A.H. Fikire, E.V. Korchagina<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n
PDF<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
JATS XML<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/strong>. <\/em>International sanction highly disrupts the food supply chains by increasing production and transportation costs, reducing trade flows, and affecting macroeconomic performance. Therefore, this study is relevant in addressing the impacts of supply chain disruption caused by international sanctions on the development of sovereign economies to enhance the efficiency of food supply.
Aim<\/strong>. The study is to investigate the impact of supply chain disruption caused by international sanctions on the development of sovereign economies.
Materials and methods<\/strong>. The data were collected from the World Bank database and compiled in the panel dataset. For this purpose, the study employed both descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze the panel dataset.
Result<\/strong>. The findings reveal that international sanctions significantly affect Russia\u2019s trade balance, oil rents, foreign direct investment and real effective exchange rate inflows relative to China and Brazil. Conclusion<\/strong>. This study provides empirical evidence on the supply chain channels through which international sanctions impact sovereign economic development. The results offer insights for policymakers and stakeholders in designing strategies to mitigate supply chain disruptions and enhance economic resilience under sanctions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keywords<\/strong><\/em><\/strong>:<\/em> Supply chain disruption, International sanction, GDP growth, Oil rents, Sovereign economy, trade balance, difference in difference<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For citation<\/strong><\/strong>. Fikire A.H., Korchagina E.V. The impact of supply chain disruptions caused by international sanctions
on the development of sovereign economies: Difference-in-Difference methods of analysis. News of the KabardinoBalkarian Scientific Center of RAS. 2026. Vol. 28. No. 2. Pp. 119\u2013132. DOI: 10.35330\/1991-6639-2026-28-2-119-132 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a9   Fikire A.H., Korchagina E.V., 2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Content is available under license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R<\/strong>eferences<\/summary>\n
    \n
  1. Tignino M., Br\u00e9thaut C. The role of international case law in implementing the obligation not to cause significant harm. Int. Environ. Agreem. Polit. Law Econ. 2020. Vol. 20. No. 4. Pp. 631\u2013648. DOI: 10.1007\/s10784-020-09503-6<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Egbomuche-Okeke L. A critical appraisal of the doctrine of obligation in international law. J. Law Confl. Resolut. 2010. Vol. 2. \u2116 6. Pp. 98\u2013102.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Davis L., Engerman S. Sanctions: Neither war nor peace. J. Econ. Perspect. 2003. Vol. 17. No. 2. Pp. 187\u2013197. DOI: 10.1257\/089533003765888502<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Pauwelyn J., Pelc K. Who guards the guardians of the system? The role of the secretariat in who dispute settlement. Am. J. Int. Law. 2022. Vol. 116. No. 3. Pp. 534\u2013566. DOI: 10.1017\/ajil.2022.20<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Alfaro-Ure\u00f1a A., Manelici I., Vasquez J.P. The effects of joining multinational supply chains: new evidence from firm-to-firm linkages. Q. J. Econ. 2022. Vol. 137. No. 3. Pp. 1495\u20131552. DOI: 10.1093\/qje\/qjac006<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. Zhang F., Graham D.J. Air transport and economic growth: a review of the impact mechanism and causal relationships. Transp. Rev. 2020. Vol. 40. No. 4. Pp. 506\u2013528. DOI: 10.1080\/01441647.2020.1738587<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. Cekerevac Z., Bogavac M. Impact of Covid-19 and Ukraine-Russia War on the international trade and logistics. MEST J. 2023. Vol. 11. No. 1. Pp. 19\u201330. DOI: 10.12709\/mest.11.11.01.03<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8. Cengiz \u00d6. Rusya-Ukrayna sava\u015finin t\u00fcrki\u0307ye\u2019 den ge\u00e7en ort loji\u0307sti\u0307k kori\u0307dor etki\u0307leri\u0307. Kafkas \u00fcniversitesi iktisadi ve idari bilim. Fak\u00fcltesi Derg. 2023. Vol. 14. No. 27. Pp. 485\u2013505. DOI: 10.36543\/kauiibfd.2023.019<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  9. Chang Y., Iakovou E., Shi W. Blockchain in global supply chains and cross border trade: a critical synthesis of the state-of-the-art, challenges and opportunities Int. J. Prod. Res. 2020. Vol. 58. No. 7. Pp. 2082\u20132099. DOI: 10.1080\/00207543.2019.1651946<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  10. Kokabisaghi F. Assessment of the effects of economic sanctions on Iranians\u2019 right to health by using human rights impact assessment tool: A systematic review. Int. J. Health Policy Manag. Vol. 7. No. 5. Pp. 374\u2013393. DOI: 10.15171\/ijhpm.2017.147<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  11. Saiymova M. et al. Russia\u2019s petroleum industry in the period of sanctions and Covid-19 pandemic: A review and analysis. Int. J. Energy Econ. Policy. 2021. Vol. 11. No. 5. Pp. 483\u2013489. DOI: 10.32479\/ijeep.11385<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  12. Safiullin M.R., Elshin L.A. Sanctions pressure on the Russian economy: ways to overcome the costs and benefits of confrontation within the framework of import substitution. Finance Theory Pract. 2023. Vol. 27. No. 1. Pp. 150\u2013161. DOI: 10.26794\/2587-5671-2023-27-1-150-161<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  13. Dudin M.N., Shkodinsky S.V., Ivanov M.O. Current problems of ensuring the financial sovereignty of Russia in the context of international sanctions. Finance Theory Pract. 2023. Vol. 27. No. 1. Pp. 185\u2013194. DOI: 10.26794\/2587-5671-2023-27-1-185-194<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  14. Gertler P.J., Martinez S., Premand P., Rawlings L.B. Impact evaluation in practice book. second edition. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank and World Bank., 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  15. World Bank. World Development Indicators DataBank. 2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  16. Fedyunina A.A., Simachev Yu., Drapkin I. Intensive and extensive margins of export: determinants of economic growth in russian regions under sanctions. Econ. Reg. 2023. Vol. 19. No. 3. Pp. 884\u2013897. DOI: 10.17059\/ekon.reg.2023-3-20<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  17. Beloborodova K., Epova N. Russia\u2019s position in the system of international trade relations in the context of sanctions imposed against Russia. Baikal Res. J. 2023. Vol. 14. No. 1. Pp. 222\u2013234.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  18. Kopytin I.A., Pilnik N.P., Stankevich I.P. Modelling five variables bvar for economic policies and growth in Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Russia: 2005\u20132020. 2021. Vol. 11. No. 5. Pp. 510\u2013518.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  19. B\u011bl\u00edn M., Hanousek J. Which sanctions matter? Analysis of the EU\/Russian sanctions of J. Comp. Econ. 2021. Vol. 49. No. 1. Pp. 244\u2013257. DOI: 10.1016\/j.jce.2020.07.001<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  20. Serikkyzy A. et al. Foreign direct investment and economic development: An international perspective. 2024. Pp. 97\u2013111. DOI: 10.2478\/eoik-2024-0012<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  21. Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) \u2013 Measuring Trade-Weighted Competitiveness \u2013 MetricGate Calculator. MetricGate. URL: https:\/\/metricgate.com\/docs\/real-effective-exchange-rate\/ (accessed: 20\/01\/2026).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  22. Mohammadi-Nasrabadi F., Ghodsi D., Haghighian-Roudsari A. et al. Economic sanctions affecting household food and nutrition security and policies to cope with them: A systematic review. Int. J. Health Policy Manag. 2023. Vol. 12. No. 1. P. 7362. DOI: 10.34172\/ijhpm.2023.7362<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  23. Crozet M., Hinz J. Friendly fire: The trade impact of the Russia sanctions and countersanctions. Econ. Policy. 2021. Vol. 35. No. 101. Pp. 97\u2013146. DOI: 10.1093\/epolic\/eiaa006<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  24. Aimer N.M. Estimating the impact of oil rents on the economic growth of the OPEC countries. European Journal of Management and Marketing Studies. 2018. Pp. 110\u2013122.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n
    Information about the authors<\/strong><\/summary>\n
    \n

    Abebaw H. Fikire<\/strong>, Postgraduate Student, Institute of Industrial Management, Economics and Trade, Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University;
    29, Polytechnicheskaya street, Saint Petersburg, 195221, Russia;
    abebawhailu26@gmail.com
    Elena V. Korchagina<\/strong>, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Professor, Institute of Industrial Management, Economics and Trade, Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University;
    29, Polytechnicheskaya street, Saint Petersburg, 195221, Russia;
    elena.korchagina@mail.ru, ORCID: https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3070-2508, SPIN-code: 8556-2270<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

    Funding<\/strong><\/summary>\n

    The study was performed without external funding.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    The impact of supply chain disruptions caused by international sanctions on the development of sovereign economies: Difference-in-Difference methods of analysis A.H. Fikire, E.V. Korchagina Abstract. International sanction highly disrupts the food supply chains by increasing production and transportation costs, reducing trade flows, and affecting macroeconomic performance. Therefore, this study is relevant in addressing the impacts […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"wp-custom-template-home","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11696","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n28.2.9 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/28-2-9-en\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ru_RU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"28.2.9 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The impact of supply chain disruptions caused by international sanctions on the development of sovereign economies: Difference-in-Difference methods of analysis A.H. Fikire, E.V. Korchagina Abstract. International sanction highly disrupts the food supply chains by increasing production and transportation costs, reducing trade flows, and affecting macroeconomic performance. Therefore, this study is relevant in addressing the impacts […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/28-2-9-en\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-04T09:25:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"80\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"28\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"6 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/index.php\\\/en\\\/28-2-9-en\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/index.php\\\/en\\\/28-2-9-en\\\/\",\"name\":\"28.2.9 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/index.php\\\/en\\\/28-2-9-en\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/index.php\\\/en\\\/28-2-9-en\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/03\\\/image.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-04-22T08:24:44+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-04T09:25:53+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/index.php\\\/en\\\/28-2-9-en\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/index.php\\\/en\\\/28-2-9-en\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/index.php\\\/en\\\/28-2-9-en\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/03\\\/image.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/03\\\/image.png\",\"width\":80,\"height\":28},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/index.php\\\/en\\\/28-2-9-en\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"28.2.9 En\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\",\"description\":\"\u041d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/07\\\/oblozhka-zhurnala-na-angl-scaled.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/07\\\/oblozhka-zhurnala-na-angl-scaled.jpg\",\"width\":1828,\"height\":2560,\"caption\":\"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"28.2.9 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/28-2-9-en\/","og_locale":"ru_RU","og_type":"article","og_title":"28.2.9 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb","og_description":"The impact of supply chain disruptions caused by international sanctions on the development of sovereign economies: Difference-in-Difference methods of analysis A.H. Fikire, E.V. Korchagina Abstract. International sanction highly disrupts the food supply chains by increasing production and transportation costs, reducing trade flows, and affecting macroeconomic performance. Therefore, this study is relevant in addressing the impacts […]","og_url":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/28-2-9-en\/","og_site_name":"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb","article_modified_time":"2026-06-04T09:25:53+00:00","og_image":[{"width":80,"height":28,"url":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f":"6 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/28-2-9-en\/","url":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/28-2-9-en\/","name":"28.2.9 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/28-2-9-en\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/28-2-9-en\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image.png","datePublished":"2026-04-22T08:24:44+00:00","dateModified":"2026-06-04T09:25:53+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/28-2-9-en\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ru-RU","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/28-2-9-en\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ru-RU","@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/28-2-9-en\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image.png","width":80,"height":28},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/28-2-9-en\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430","item":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"28.2.9 En"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/#website","url":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/","name":"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb","description":"\u041d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ru-RU"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/#organization","name":"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb","url":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ru-RU","@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/oblozhka-zhurnala-na-angl-scaled.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/oblozhka-zhurnala-na-angl-scaled.jpg","width":1828,"height":2560,"caption":"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11696","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11696"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11696\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13887,"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11696\/revisions\/13887"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11696"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}