{"id":10374,"date":"2026-04-07T09:09:55","date_gmt":"2026-04-07T08:09:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/?page_id=10374"},"modified":"2026-04-10T10:55:28","modified_gmt":"2026-04-10T09:55:28","slug":"25-6-34-en","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/25-6-34-en\/","title":{"rendered":"25.6.34 En"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-lora-font-family\" style=\"font-size:22px\"><strong>On the issue of the activities of the highland verbal courts of the Terek and Kuban regions in 1870-1917 in modern historiography<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-0dec6ba71a13b56868930cde639e47cc\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\"><strong>M.A. Khagazheev<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-86b70c892ee51d64e6bf0730e3274f25\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-d3328a80 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-fa99f84d8051eb763ab85c3007cdb1c2\" style=\"color:#5b1919;text-decoration:underline\"><strong><strong>Upload the full text<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-9151b400 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"min-height:0px;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-15bf754d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100 is-style-outline is-style-outline--1\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-border-color has-small-font-size has-custom-font-size wp-element-button\" href=\"http:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/34-khag.pdf\" style=\"border-color:#5b1919;border-style:solid;border-width:2px;border-radius:8px;color:#5b1919;padding-top:0.4rem;padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:0.4rem;padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">PDF<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:0px;width:0px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer wp-container-content-273e683f\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-733326a80911eed70686d9ab89cfb5b9\" style=\"line-height:1.4\"><em><strong><strong>Abstract<\/strong>:<\/strong> <\/em>The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of reflecting the activities of the highland verbal courts of the Terek and Kuban regions (1870\u20131917) in modern historiography. The works of A.Kh. Abazov, M.S. Arsanukaeva, I.L. Babich, A.V. Gladunets, S.V. Darchieva, Zh.A. Kalmykov, E.I. Kobakhidze, S.G. Kudaeva, V.N. Maltsev, D.N. Prasolov, D.Kh. Saydumov, A.V. Serdyuk, A.T. Urushadze, A.I. Khasbulatov and generalizing works on the history and ethnography of the nations of the North-West and Central Caucasus. It was established that modern researchers of the problems touched upon the issues of judicial structure in the regions, structure, staffing, jurisdiction and territorial jurisdiction of individual highland verbal courts, documentary support and financing of their activities, as well as features of decision-making in various categories of cases, the effectiveness of their activities, assessments of contemporaries, etc. Further research prospects for this topic are outlined.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-df03325adc83c022634de6b79d43432f\" style=\"line-height:1.4\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-b8c2ea9d9d7b5fc201a45751e3d9d9bf\" style=\"line-height:1.4\"><strong><em><strong>Keywords<\/strong>:<\/em><\/strong> Kuban region, Terek region, judicial system, highland verbal court, historiography<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-df03325adc83c022634de6b79d43432f\" style=\"line-height:1.4\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family wp-elements-1143456d19f2973d7ec6c0c257a1e682\" style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:1.4\"><strong><strong>For citation<\/strong>.<\/strong> Khagazheev M.A. On the issue of the activities of the highland verbal courts of the Terek and Kuban regions in 1870-1917 in modern historiography. News of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of RAS. No. 6(116). Pp. 366\u2013374. DOI: 10.35330\/1991-6639-2023-6-116-366-374<\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-854ac73ae99d02f5bd04f81361d58d8d is-layout-flow wp-container-core-details-is-layout-0ab540ad wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700;line-height:1.5\"><summary><strong>R<\/strong>eferences<\/summary>\n<ol style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Abazov A.Kh. Mountain verbal courts of Terek and Kuban regions in 1871-1918. <em>Istoriya gosudarstva i prava<\/em> [History of state and law]. 2015. No. 23. Pp. 58\u201363. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Abazov A.Kh. Documentation of the activities of the Nalchik Highland Court of Words: paperwork and external communication. <em>Elektronnyy zhurnal \u00abKavkazologiya\u00bb<\/em> [Electronic journal \u201cCaucasology\u201d]. 2022. No. 4. Pp. 239\u2013255. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Abazov A.Kh. Nalchik Mountain Court of Words in the judicial system of the Terek region in the last third of the XIX \u2013 early XX centuries. <em>Voprosy istorii <\/em>[Questions of history]. 2014. No. 12. Pp. 141\u2013148. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Abazov A.Kh. <em>Nal&#8217;chikskiy okrug v sudebnoy sisteme Terskoy oblasti (poslednyaya tret&#8217; XIX \u2013 nachalo XX v.) <\/em>[Nalchik district in the judicial system of the Terek region (the last third of the XIX \u2013 the beginning of the XX century)]. Nal&#8217;chik: Izdatel&#8217;skiy otdel KBIGI, 2014. 108 p. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Abazov A.Kh. <em>Narody Tsentral&#8217;nogo Kavkaza v sudebnoi sisteme Rossiiskoi imperii v kontse XVIII \u2013 nachale \u0425\u0425 v.<\/em> [The peoples of the Central Caucasus in the judicial system of the Russian Empire in the late XVIII \u2013 early XX centuries]. Nal&#8217;chik: Pechatnyi dvor, 2016. 264 p. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Abazov A.Kh. Forms of social conflicts among Kabardians in the last third of the XIX \u2013 early XX centuries. (Based on the materials of the Nalchik Mountain Court of Words). <em>Istoriya nauki i tekhniki <\/em>[History of science and technology]. 2017. No. 12. Pp. 37\u201343. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Abazov A.Kh., Dostova A.I. From the history of law enforcement activities of mountain verbal courts in the North Caucasus: an overview of the fate and practice of the Yekaterinodar court (1871\u20131920). <em>Vestnik Kabardino-Balkarskogo instituta gumanitarnykh issledovaniy<\/em> [Bulletin of the Kabardino-Balkarian Institute for Humanitarian Research]. 2022. No. 4\u20131(55). Pp. 7\u201314. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\"><em>Adygi: Adygeytsy. Kabardintsy. Cherkesy. Shapsugi<\/em> [Adygi: Adygea. Kabardians. Circassians. Shapsugs]. \/ ot red. A.Kh. Abazov, A.V. Kushkhabiev [et al.]. Moscow: Nauka, 2022. 870 p. (Seriya \u00abNarody i kul&#8217;tury\u00bb). (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Anchabadze Yu.D. <em>Politicheskaya kul&#8217;tura adygov: traditsionnye instituty i ikh evolyutsiya (vtoraya polovina XIX v. \u2013 1920-e gody) <\/em>[Political culture of the Adyghs: traditional institutions and their evolution (the second half of the 19th century \u2013 the 1920s)]. Moscow: Institut etnologii i antropologii im. N.N. Miklukho-Maklaya RAN, 2012. 340 p. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Arsanukaeva M.S. <em>Gosudarstvenno-pravovaya politika Rossiyskoy imperii v Chechne i Ingushetii (XIX \u2013 nachalo XX vv.) <\/em>[State-legal policy of the Russian Empire in Chechnya and Ingushetia (XIX \u2013 early XX centuries)]: avtoref. dis. \u2026 d-ra yurid. n-k. Moscow, 2010. 51 p. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Arsanukaeva M.S. Inheritance in Sharia and Adates among the Chechen Tsev and Ingush (XIX \u2013 early XX centuries). <em>Evraziyskiy yuridicheskiy zhurnal<\/em> [Eurasian Legal Journal]. 2009. No. 6(13). Pp. 23\u201329. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Arsanukaeva M.S. <em>Pravovaya kul&#8217;tura chechentsev i ingushey: (XIX &#8212; nachalo XX veka): monografiya <\/em>[Legal culture of Chechens and Ingush: (XIX \u2013 early XX centuries): monograph]. Moscow: RPA Minyusta Rossii, 2009. 198 p. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Arsanukaeva M.S. Trial on Adates of Chechens and In-Gush (XIX century \u2013 beginning of XX century). <em>Uchenye trudy Rossiyskoy akademii advokatury <\/em>[Scientific works of the Russian Academy of Advocacy]. 2008. No. 6(11). Pp. 62\u201368. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Arsanukaeva M.S., Bittirova T.Sh. Sworn attorneys from the highlanders and their role in the development of the legal culture of the peoples of Northern Kavkaz (the second half of the XIX \u2013 the beginning of the XX century). <em>Pravovaya kul&#8217;tura<\/em> [Legal culture]. 2015. No. 3(22). Pp. 30\u201338. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Babich I.L. <em>Evolyutsiya pravovoy kul&#8217;tury adygov<\/em> [Evolution of the legal culture of the Adyghs]. Moscow: Rossiyskaya gosudarstvennaya biblioteka, 1999. 239 p. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\"><em>Veka sovmestnoy istorii: narody Kabardino-Balkarii v rossiyskom tsivilizatsionnom protsesse (1557\u20131917 gg.)<\/em> [Centuries of joint history: the peoples of Kabardino-Balkaria in the Russian civilizational process (1557\u20131917)]. Nal&#8217;chik: Izdatel&#8217;skiy otdel IGI KBNTs RAN, 2017. 544 p. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Gladunets A.V. Trial in the North Caucasus in the second half of the XIX \u2013 early XX centuries]. <em>Pravo i politika<\/em> [Law and Politics]. 2009. No. 9. Pp. 1956\u20131959. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Darchieva S.V. Problems of political and administrative administration in the North Caucasus at the beginning of the 20th century (on the example of the Terek region). <em>Izvestiya SOIGSI<\/em> [News of SOIGSI]. 2016. No. 22(61). Pp. 47\u201355. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\"><em>Istoriya Severnogo Kavkaza: uchebnoe posobie<\/em> [History of the North Caucasus: a textbook]. Rostov-na-Donu: Yuzhnyy federal&#8217;nyy universitet, 2017. 282 p. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\"><em>Istoriya Chechni s drevneyshikh vremen do nashikh dney<\/em> [The history of Chechnya from ancient times to the present day]: V 2-kh tomakh. Tom 1. Groznyy: Knizhnoe izdatel&#8217;stvo, 2006. 828 p. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Kobakhidze E.I. \u201cNot one weapon\u2026\u201d (Experience of judicial and administrative<br>transformations in Ossetia in the 30s \u2013 early 60s of the XIX century). <em>Kavkazskiy sbornik<\/em> [Caucasian collection]. \/ otv. red. V. V. Degoev. Moskva: Russkaya panorama, 2010. Pp. 157\u2013175. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Kobakhidze E.I. Highland verbal court and the problem of reorganization of legal proceedings for the highlanders of the Central Caucasus. <em>Sotsiokul&#8217;turnye i politicheskie problemy vysokogornykh rayonov Kavkaza: proshloe, nastoyashchee, budushchee: materialy Vserossiyskoy nauchnoy konferentsii, 28\u201330 oktyabrya 2010 goda. <\/em>Karachaevsk: Karachaevo-Cherkesskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet im. U.D. Alieva, 2010. Pp. 212\u2013219. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Kobakhidze E.I. Integration of Ossetia into the judicial and administrative system of the Russian Empire. <em>Rossiyskaya istoriya<\/em> [Russian history]. 2012. No. 4. Pp. 3\u201315. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Kobakhidze E.I. Essay K.L. Khetagurov \u201cMountain Verbal Court\u201d and the problem of reorganization of legal proceedings for the highlanders of the North Caucasus in the 70s. XIX \u2013 early XX centuries. <em>Izvestiya SOIGSI<\/em> [News of SOIGSI]. 2010. No. 4(43). Pp. 37\u201347. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Kobakhidze E.I. Specificity and the results of the reform of the judicial system in the Central Caucasus in the 60\u201370s. XIX century. <em>Vestnik Severo-Osetinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta imeni K.L. Khetagurova<\/em> [Bulletin of the North Ossetian State University named after K.L. Khetagurov]. 2010. No. 2. Pp. 70\u201376. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Kudaeva S.G. <em>Adygi (cherkesy) Severo-Zapadnogo Kavkaza v XIX veke: problemy transformatsii i differentsiatsii adygskogo obshchestva<\/em> [Adygi (Circassians) of the North-West Caucasus in the 19th century: the problems of transformation and differentiation of the Adyghe community]. Maykop, 2006. Pp. 265\u2013266. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Mal&#8217;tsev V.N. Political and legal aspect of reforming mountain courts in the Kuban and Terek regions in the late 60s \u2013 early 70s. XIX century. <em>Vestnik Adygeyskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta<\/em>. Seriya 1: <em>Regionovedenie: filosofiya, istoriya, sotsiologiya, yurisprudentsiya, politologiya, kul&#8217;turologiya<\/em> [Bulletin of the Adygea State University. Series 1: Regional studies: philosophy, history, sociology, jurisprudence, political science, cultural studies]. 2008. No. 8. Pp. 96\u2013108. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Prasolov D.N. <em>S&#187;ezdy doverennykh v politicheskoy kul&#8217;ture kabardintsev i balkartsev<\/em> [Congresses of Kabardians and Balkarians trusted in political culture]. Nal&#8217;chik: OPR, 2022.<br>240 p. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Prasolov D.N. <em>S&#187;ezdy doverennykh v praktikakh mestnogo samoupravleniya kabardintsev i balkartsev vo vtoroy polovine XIX \u2013 nachale \u0425\u0425 v.<\/em> [Congresses of Kabardians and Balkarians trusted in the practices of local samunicipal management in the second half of the XIX \u2013 early XX century]. Nal&#8217;chik: Izdatel&#8217;skiy otdel IGI KBNTs RAN, 2019. 208 p. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\"><em>Rossiya i narody Severnogo Kavkaza v XVI \u2013 seredine XIX veka: sotsiokul&#8217;turnaya distantsiya i dvizhenie k gosudarstvenno-politicheskomu edinstvu<\/em> [Russia and the peoples of the North Caucasus in the XVI \u2013 mid-XIX centuries: sociocultural distance and movement towards state-political unity]. Nal&#8217;chik: Izdatel&#8217;skiy otdel IGI KBNTs RAN, 2018. 268 p. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Saydumov D.Kh. Rural aul and Mountain verbal courts of the Terek region: the procedure for the production and decision of cases in rural courts. <em>Evropeyskiy zhurnal sotsial&#8217;nykh nauk<\/em> [European Journal of Social Sciences]. 2010. No. 3. Pp. 132\u2013137. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Saydumov D.Kh. <em>Sud, pravo i pravosudie u chechentsev i ingushey (XVIII\u2013XX vv.) <\/em>[Court, law and justice among Chechens and Ingush (XVIII\u2013XX centuries)]. Groznyy: IP Bisultanova P.Sh., 2014. 526 p. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Saydumov D.Kh., Saydumov M.Kh. Court and legal proceedings on the customary law of Chechens. <em>Vestnik Samarskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta<\/em> [Bulletin of Samara State University]. 2008. No. 5\u20132(64). Pp. 263\u2013272. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Serdyuk A.V. Features of the proceedings of Northern Kavkaz because of the composition of the Russian Empire in the middle of the XIX \u2013 early XX centuries. <em>Nauka i obrazovanie: khozyaystvo i ekonomika; predprinimatel&#8217;stvo; pravo i upravlenie<\/em> [Science and education: farming and economics; entrepreneurship; law and management]. 2012. No. 4(23). Pp. 150\u2013153. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Urushadze A.T. \u201cImaginary Justice\u201d: Mountain Verbal Courts and the Problem of Judicial and Administrative Reform of the Caucasus Region in the Materials of the Revision of N.M. Reinke. <em>Noveyshaya istoriya Rossii<\/em> [Contemporary history of Russia]. 2019. Vol. 9. No. 4. Pp. 914\u2013927. (In Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Khasbulatov A.I. Court and judicial reforms in Chechnya (second half of XIX \u2013 beginning of XX centuries). <em>Nauchnaya mysl&#8217; Kavkaza<\/em> [Scientific thought of the Caucasus]. No 1(49). Pp. 67\u201377. (In Russian)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-93e8c3886a585d3f9fd6f23bc983eebb is-layout-flow wp-container-core-details-is-layout-5dafc681 wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700;line-height:1.5\"><summary><strong>Information about the author<\/strong><\/summary>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b291ae12 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"min-height:0px;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\"><strong>Khagazheev Mirbek Aslanovich<\/strong>, Post-graduate student, Scientific and Educational Center KabardinoBalkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences;<br>360010, Russia, Nalchik, 2 Balkarov street;<br>ma_khagazheev@mail.ru<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\"><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On the issue of the activities of the highland verbal courts of the Terek and Kuban regions in 1870-1917 in modern historiography M.A. Khagazheev Upload the full text Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of reflecting the activities of the highland verbal courts of the Terek and Kuban regions (1870\u20131917) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"wp-custom-template-home","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-10374","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>25.6.34 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/25-6-34-en\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ru_RU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"25.6.34 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"On the issue of the activities of the highland verbal courts of the Terek and Kuban regions in 1870-1917 in modern historiography M.A. Khagazheev Upload the full text Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of reflecting the activities of the highland verbal courts of the Terek and Kuban regions (1870\u20131917) [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/25-6-34-en\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-10T09:55:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"9 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/index.php\\\/en\\\/25-6-34-en\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/index.php\\\/en\\\/25-6-34-en\\\/\",\"name\":\"25.6.34 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-04-07T08:09:55+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-10T09:55:28+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/index.php\\\/en\\\/25-6-34-en\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/index.php\\\/en\\\/25-6-34-en\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/index.php\\\/en\\\/25-6-34-en\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"25.6.34 En\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\",\"description\":\"\u041d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/07\\\/oblozhka-zhurnala-na-angl-scaled.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/07\\\/oblozhka-zhurnala-na-angl-scaled.jpg\",\"width\":1828,\"height\":2560,\"caption\":\"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"25.6.34 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/25-6-34-en\/","og_locale":"ru_RU","og_type":"article","og_title":"25.6.34 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb","og_description":"On the issue of the activities of the highland verbal courts of the Terek and Kuban regions in 1870-1917 in modern historiography M.A. Khagazheev Upload the full text Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of reflecting the activities of the highland verbal courts of the Terek and Kuban regions (1870\u20131917) [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/25-6-34-en\/","og_site_name":"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb","article_modified_time":"2026-04-10T09:55:28+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f":"9 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/25-6-34-en\/","url":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/25-6-34-en\/","name":"25.6.34 En - \u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-04-07T08:09:55+00:00","dateModified":"2026-04-10T09:55:28+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/25-6-34-en\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ru-RU","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/25-6-34-en\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/en\/25-6-34-en\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430","item":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"25.6.34 En"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/#website","url":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/","name":"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb","description":"\u041d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ru-RU"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/#organization","name":"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb","url":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ru-RU","@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/oblozhka-zhurnala-na-angl-scaled.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/oblozhka-zhurnala-na-angl-scaled.jpg","width":1828,"height":2560,"caption":"\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0410\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u041d\u00bb"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10374","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10374"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10374\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11175,"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10374\/revisions\/11175"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/izvestiyakbncran.ru\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10374"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}