Impact of Lignohumate antidote application timing on the amino acid composition of winter wheat grain during chemical weeding

L.A. Alakaeva, A.Kh. Zanilov, M.R. Aznaeva, A.M. Leshkenov, T.B. Shalov

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Abstract. In the context of intensive farming, mitigating the phytotoxic effect of herbicides while maintaining and improving the quality of crop products remains an urgent task. Of particular interest is the use of humic-nature antidotes, which are capable of exerting an anti-stress effect and influencing the biochemical composition of grain. At the same time, no data are available regarding how the timing and sequence of antidote application during herbicide treatments affect grain quality under the conditions of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic steppe zone.
Aim. The goal of the study is to assess how the timing of Lignohumate AM antidote application (150 g/ha) during herbicide treatments affects the amino acid profile of winter wheat grain and overall crop yield. Thus, the novelty of this study is that it evaluates the effects of antidotes on both crop yield and grain nutritional density (essential amino acid concentration) as a function of their application sequencing relative to herbicides.
Materials and methods. Field trials were conducted on winter wheat crops of the ‘Pamyati Shatilova’ variety on the experimental field of the Institute of Agriculture of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IA KBSC RAS). The treatment of winter wheat crops was carried out during the spring tillering phase according to the following scheme: 1) 2 days before chemical weeding; 2) in a tank mix with the herbicide; 3) 2 days after chemical weeding. The herbicide “Ballerina” served as the plant protection product. High-performance liquid chromatography was then used to determine the content of essential amino acids. Statistical analysis of the results involved ANOVA and Tukey’s test at p < 0.05.

Results. The study found that the maximum grain yield (5.27 t/ha) was achieved by applying the antidote in a tank mixture, which exceeded the control (4.75 t/ha) by 10.9 %. The highest total concentration of essential amino acids among the treatments was also observed in the tank mix option (3.641 %), which was 7.8 % lower than that in the control (3.949%). The lowest efficacy was observed with the preliminary antidote application (2.642 %). Meanwhile, the crop yield trended downward within the margin of statistical error (2.7 %).
Conclusion. The obtained results indicate the feasibility of applying Lignohumate in a tank mixture with the herbicide as the most effective way to realize its anti-stress and biofortification potential.

Keywords: winter wheat, Lignohumate, antidote, herbicide, chemical weed control, amino acid composition, essential amino acids, biofortification, phytotoxicity

For citation. Alakaeva L.A., Zanilov A.Kh., Aznaeva M.R., Leshkenov A.M., Shalov T.B. Impact of Lignohumate antidote application timing on the amino acid composition of winter wheat grain during chemical weeding. News of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of RAS. 2026. Vol. 28. No. 3. Pp. 143–152. DOI: 10.35330/1991-6639-2026-28-3-143-152

©   Alakaeva L.A., Zanilov A.Kh., Aznaeva M.R., Leshkenov A.M., Shalov T.B., 2026

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Information about the authors

Leila A. Alakaeva, Postgraduate Student, Scientific and Educational Center, Head of the Department of Program Development and Contractual Activities, Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences;
2, Balkarov street, Nalchik, 360010, Russia;
Amiran Kh. Zanilov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Researcher, Center for Decarbonization of the Agro-Industrial Complex and Regional Economy, Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after Kh.M. Berbekov;
173, Chernyshevsky street, Nalchik, 360004, Russia;
amiran78@inbox.ru, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8635-6501
Milana R. Aznaeva, Head of the Department for Monitoring Agroecosystems, Center for Decarbonization of the Agro-Industrial Complex and Regional Economy, Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after Kh.M. Berbekov;
173, Chernyshevsky street, Nalchik, 360004, Russia;
miazn@mail.ru, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9327-4526
Aslan M. Leshkenov, Head of the Laboratory of Agrochemistry and Soil Research, Institute of Agriculture – branch of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences;
224, Kirov street, Nalchik, 360004, Russia;
aslan.leshckenov@yandex.ru, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9516-3213
Timur B. Shalov, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Science and Postgraduate Studies, Abkhazian State University;
1, Universitetskaya street, Sukhum, 384904, Republic of Abkhazia;
timur.shalov@mail.ru, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7015-9266

Funding

The study was performed without external funding.