Changes in the yield and grain quality of winter soft wheat under conditions of steppe zone of Kabardino-Balkaria

Kh.Sh. Tarchokov, D.A. Tutukova, M.Kh. Marzhokhova

---

Abstract: The main suppliers of winter wheat seeds to the North Caucasus region of the Russian Federation, including Kabardino-Balkaria, are the “National Grain Center named after P.P. Lukyanenko” and “Agrarian Scientific Center “Donskoy”. In this regard, the relevance of studying grain productivity and determining the quality indicators of grain of promising varieties of winter soft wheat, the expediency of their introduction into the agro-industrial complex of the steppe regions of Kabardino-Balkaria is beyond doubt. In the research work carried out by the method of field experience in the Institute of Agriculture of the KBSC of RAS in 2017–2019. as objects, three varieties of winter soft wheat (“Agrarian Scientific Center “Donskoy”) and one variety, Bezostaya-1 (“National Grain Center named after P.P. Lukyanenko”), approved for cultivation in the region, were studied. A significant advantage of the grain productivity of the varieties Nakhodka, Etyud and Lilit by 0.13–0.33 t/ha over Bezostoy-1 (standard) of the selection “National Grain Center named after P.P. Lukyanenko”. Varieties of winter soft wheat (Etude, Lilit) were identified according to grain quality indicators, having high parameters in terms of protein content (15.3–15.8 %), weight of 1000 grains (45.7–47.5 g) and nature (780–790 g/l) in ripe grain. The studies conducted by years (2017–2019) assessed the dependence of the formation of the yield of grain of winter soft wheat on the conditions of “dry” farming in the steppe zone of the republic. In relatively favorable years in terms of moisture supply (2017, 2018), grain productivity was 4.7 and 4.9 t/ha, respectively, against 4.5 t/ha in 2019. The highest economic efficiency indicators were found in varieties of winter soft wheat Nakhodka, Etyud and Lilit, where the conditionally net income amounted to 27800–29100 rubles/ha with a profitability level of 142.5–156.0 %. Despite the fact that the production costs for the varieties of the “ASC “Donskoy” breeding amounted to 18700–20280 rubles/ha, the level of profitability remains high with a conditionally net income of 27800–29100 rubles/ha.

Keywords: winter wheat varieties, yield increase, economic efficiency, profitability, originator, selling price

For citation. Tarchokov Kh.Sh., Tutukova D.A., Marzhokhova M.Kh. Changes in the yield and grain quality of winter soft wheat under conditions of steppe zone of Kabardino-Balkaria. News of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of RAS. 2023. No. 3(113). Pp. 20–29. DOI: 10.35330/1991-6639-2023-3-113-20-29

References

1. Dolgosrochnaya strategiya razvitiya zernovogo kompleksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii do 2035 goda: utv. Rasporyazheniyem Pravitel’stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 10 avgusta 2019 g. № 1796 r. [Long-term strategy for the development of the grain complex of the Russian Federation until 2035: approved. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 10, 2019. No. 1796r.] URL: http://docs.contd.ru/document/560974985 (accessed 01/16/2020).
2. Tarchokov Kh.Sh., Chochaev M.M. Resursoenergoekonomnyye priyemy vozdelyvaniya osnovnykh polevykh kul’tur v bogarnykh sevooborotakh Kabardino-Balkarskoy Respubliki [Resource and energy saving methods of cultivation of the main field crops in rainfed crop rotations of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic]. Nal’chik: OOO «Poligrafservis i T», 2013. P. 21.
3. Bespalova L.P., Romanenko A.A., Kolesnikov F.A., Kudryashov I.N. Sorta pshenitsy i tritikale [Varieties of wheat and triticale]. Krasnodar: FGBNU «NTSZ im. P.P. Luk’yanenko», 2019. 176 p.
4. Dospekhov B.A. Metodika polevogo opyta (s osnovami statisticheskoy obrabotki rezul’tatov issledovaniy) [Methods of field experience (with the basics of statistical processing of research results)]. 5 th edition, updated and supplemented. Moscow: Agropromizdat, 1985. 351 p.
5. Fadeeva I.D., Gagirov M.Sh., Gazizov I.N. The results of winter wheat breeding for grain quality in the Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture. Zernovoye khozyaystvo Rossii [Grain Economy of Russia]. 2018. No. 2 (56). Pp. 34–37.
6. Kiryushin V.I., Ivanov A.L. Agroekologicheskaya otsenka zemel’, proyektirovaniye adaptivno-landshaftnykh sistem zemledeliya i agrotekhnologiy [Agroecological land assessment, design of adaptive landscape systems of agriculture and agrotechnologies]. Metodicheskoye rukovodstvo. Moscow: Rosinformagrotekh, 2005. 794 p.
7. Romanenko G.A. Metodicheskiye rekomendatsii po opredeleniyu ekonomicheskoy effektivnosti ispol’zovaniya nauchnykh razrabotok v zemledelii [Guidelines for determining the economic efficiency of the use of scientific developments in agriculture]. Krasnodar: Izdatel’stvo «Agroprom. kom. Krasnodarskogo kraya», 1986. 61 p.

Information about the authors

Tarchokov Khasan Shamsadinovich, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Leading Researcher, Head of Laboratory of Field Crops Cultivation Technology, Institute of Agriculture – branch of the KabardinoBalkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences;
360004, Russia, Nalchik, 224 Kirov street;
kbniish2007@yandex.ru, ORCID: https//orcid.org/0000-0002-6187-7354
Tutukova Dzhuleta Alekseevna, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Researcher of Laboratory of Field Crops Cultivation Technology, Institute of Agriculture – branch of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences;
360004, Russia, Nalchik, 224 Kirov street;
djudi_12@mail.ru, ORCID: https//orcid.org/0000-0002-9682-9117
Marzhokhova Mariana Khazhmusovna, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Field Crops Cultivation Technology, Institute of Agriculture – branch of the KabardinoBalkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences;
360004, Russia, Nalchik, 224 Kirov street;
marg.888@mail.ru, ORCID: https//orcid.org/ 0000-0003-4574-1235