Migration processes in the North Caucasus and their possible consequences (on the example of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic)

F.Zh. Berova, A.A. Sherieva

---

Abstract: The relevance of this article is due to the identification in recent years of trends in changes in migration processes in the North Caucasus. According to the results of a scientific study of external migration processes, a noticeable depletion of the quantity of Russian population in the republic was revealed. In almost all subjects of the North Caucasus, the outflow of young people of the young age groups of the able-bodied population of 30-39 years was noted. The most significant changes in migration processes are developing in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. Based on official statistics for 2010–2021 on monitoring the situation in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic on issues related to the migration control department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for the KBR, changes in trends in this process are examined. The outflow of young people aged 18–29 and the most active part of the working-age population in the republic, on the one hand, and the influx of older groups, that is, the pre-retirement and retirement age groups and unskilled labor, on the other, led to a high transformation in the trends of the dynamics of migration processes. Changes were reflected not only in quantity of departing and arriving, but also in the age-sex structure of the population, its nationality and in the intellectual rating sphere. If this migration trends will continue, there is a danger of the accumulation of a poorly educated part of the youth and an unclaimed labor force as a result of the depletion of the intelligentsia layer in society. In the future, all this will lead to impoverishment of the nation’s gene pool. The reduction in the number of the Russian population, with its cementing factor in interethnic relations, in subsequent years may result in the aggravation of national relations. This study is important for the assessment of migration processes and demographic security in Russia and its regions and for the development of differentiated migration policy.

Keywords: migration processes, ethnic structure of the population, external migration by nationality and age, labor and academic migration, intellectual migration

For citation. Berova F.Zh., Sherieva A.A. Migration processes in the North Caucasus and their possible consequences (on the example of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic). News of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of RAS. No. 3(113). Pp. 30–39. DOI: 10.35330/1991-6639-2023-3-113-30-39

References

1. Fedotova M.F., Shoiko I.S. Modern migration policy of the Russian Federation. Pravo i bezopasnost’ [Law and security]. No. 2. 2010. Pp. 75–86. (In Russian)
2. Solovyov I.A. Regional features of migration processes in the North Caucasus. Geograficheskiy vestnik [Geographic Bulletin]. 2018. No. 1(44). Pp. 49–55. DOI: 10.17072/2079-7877-2018-1-49-55 (In Russian)
3. Berova F.Zh., Yakhutlov K.L. Migration processes in the North Caucasus in the context of national security (on the example of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic // In book “Demographic and migration portrait of the Caucasus”. Ser. “Demography. Sociology. Economics”. Vol. 5. No. 2. Eds. S.V. Ryazantsev, G.I. Gadzhimuradova. Moscow: EkonInform, 2019. Pp. 234–244. (In Russian)
4. Demograficheskiy i migratsionnyy portret Kavkaza [Demographic and migration portrait of the Caucasus]. Ser. “Demography. Sociology. Economics”. Vol. 5. No. 2. Eds. S.V. Ryazantsev, G. I. Gadzhimuradova. Moscow: Ekon-Inform, 2019. 258 p. (In Russian)
5. Berova F.Zh. Regional features of international labor migration in the North Caucasus in the context of COVID-19. Report at the conference of St. Petersburg State University, April 2021, “5th International Economic Symposium – 2021”, ser. “Peculiarities of international labor migration in the context of the coronavirus pandemic”. St. Petersburg. 2021. Pp. 14–17. (In Russian)
6. Berova F.Zh. Age structure of the population and its role in the socio-economic development of the region. News of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of RAS. 2020. No. 1(93).
   Pp. 3–10. DOI: 10.35330/1991-6639-2020-1-93-3-10 (In Russian)
7. Berova F.Zh. Socio-demographic causes of terrorism. News of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of RAS. 2019. No. 5(91). Pp. 64–71. DOI: 10.35330/1991-6639-2019-5-91-64-71
   (In Russian)
8. Ashabokov B.A., Berova F.Zh. On one approach and some results of forecasting the demographic processes of the region. Ekonomicheskaya nauka sovremennoy Rossii [Economic science of modern Russia]. 2011. No. 4(55). Pp. 78–88. EDN: ONCJDD (In Russian)
9. Berova F.Zh. Socio-demographic aspect of national security. News of the KabardinoBalkarian Scientific Center of RAS. 2020. No. 4(96). Pp. 89–97. DOI: 10.35330/1991-6639-2020-4-96-89-96 (In Russian)

Information about the authors

Berova Farizat Zhamalovna, Doctor of Economics, Leading Researcher in department of “Mathematical methods of research of complex systems and processes”, Institute of Computer Science and Problems of Regional Management – branch of Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences;
360000, Russia, Nalchik, 37-a I. Armand street;
berova@list.ru
Sherieva Asiyat Akhmedovna, Deputy Director of the Institute of Tourism, Management and Hospitality Industry, Assistant of the Department of Civil Law and Process, Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after Kh.M. Berbekov;
360004, Russia, Nalchik, 173 Chernyshevsky street;
asya.sherieva@mail.ru, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4382-0911