The influence of biologization techniques on crop yields and soil fertility

R.V. Bizhoev, M.V. Bizhoev

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Abstract. On irrigated lands with the intensification of agricultural production and significant use of mineral fertilizers influencing the soil organic matter, as well as due to a sharp decrease in the use of organic fertilizers and various methods of biologization, there is a widespread decrease in the level of soil fertility and, consequently, a decrease in crop yields. Such deterioration of soil fertility, for reasons of their intensive use in production requires constant compensation of organic matter due to the introduction of a large amount of organic fertilizers (manure). Its formation has significantly decreased in recent years due to the decrease in the number of farm animals. To replenish the loss of soil organic matter there is a need to develop various alternative biological techniques. It is becoming urgently important to use biological resources, which are less energy-intensive and expensive, together with chemicalization means to replenish soil organic matter, provide plants with nutrients and improve its agrochemical, agrophysical, water and other properties. On ordinary carbonate chernozem of stationary experience of the Laboratory of Agrochemistry and Soil Research of the Institute of Agriculture of the Russian Academy of Sciences the influence of various methods of biologization on increasing crop yields has been studied since 1979 on in three fields of irrigated grain crop rotation. The article presents the materials of research conducted over 3 years (from 2016 to 2018). These studies have proved that in order to increase soil fertility and crop yields, it is advisable to use such agrotechnical techniques as the application of organic matter once every five years, green manuring and crop residues, as well as the joint, integrated use of all methods of biologization. It was also found out that the use of green manuring and crop residues reduces, and in combination with the use of mineral fertilizers, allows solving topical issues of removal of nutrients from the soil and increases crop yields.

Keywords: biologization techniques, biological resources, green manure crops, straw, fertility, crop yields, productivity, soil organic matter

For citation. Bizhoev R.V., Bizhoev M.V. The influence of biologization techniques on crop yields and soil fertility. News of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of RAS. 2023. No. 6(116). Pp. 270–281. DOI: 10.35330/1991-6639-2023-6-116-270-281

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Information about the authors

Bizhoev RuslanValerievich, Researcher, Institute of Agriculture – branch of Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences;
360004, Russia, Nalchik, 224 Kirov street;
bizhoeva49@mail.ru, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5408-3006
Bizhoev Murat Valerievich, Researcher, Institute of Agriculture – branch of Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences;
360004, Russia, Nalchik, 224 Kirov street;
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7665-3719