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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">News of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">News of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Известия Кабардино-Балкарского научного центра РАН</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1991-6639</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1940</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">306166</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35330/1991-6639-2025-27-3-121-132</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">TIIGQM</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Agrochemistry, agrosoil science, plant protection and quarantine</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Агрохимия, агропочвоведение, защита и карантин растений</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Fungal diseases of wheat in Russia: spread, symptoms, control methods and economic damage – a review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Грибные заболевания пшеницы в России: распространение, симптомы, методы борьбы и экономический ущерб (обзор литературы)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7353-7816</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дукси</surname><given-names>Ф.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Duksi</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Graduate student, Faculty of Agriculture</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант аграрного факультета</p></bio><email>duxi.rudn@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4884-6481</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валли</surname><given-names>М. Х.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Walli</surname><given-names>M. H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант аграрного факультета</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Graduate student, Faculty of Agriculture</p></bio><email>duxi.rudn@bk.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5208-0861</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zargar</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заргар</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor of the Agrarian Faculty</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р с.-х. наук, профессор аграрного факультета</p></bio><email>duxi.rudn@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><content-language>ru</content-language><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 27, NO3 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 27, №3 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>121</fpage><lpage>132</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-25"><day>25</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Duksi F., Walli M.H., Zargar M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Дукси Ф., Валли М.Х., Заргар М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Duksi F., Walli M.H., Zargar M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дукси Ф., Валли М.Х., Заргар М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rcsi.science/1991-6639/article/view/306166">https://journals.rcsi.science/1991-6639/article/view/306166</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a primary crop in Russia. Fungal diseases, such as rust diseases, Septoria leaf blotch, Fusarium head blight, and powdery mildew, significantly reduce grain yield and quality annually. Pathogens can destroy up to 70% of the harvest, negatively impacting exports and food security. Increasing fungal resistance to fungicides and climate change necessitate new data on diseases and adapted control measures. Research in this field is critical for developing resistant cultivars, improving agrotechnologies, and reducing dependence on chemicals. Aim. The purpose of the study is to review the main wheat diseases in Russia and their potential impact on the economy and food security, as well as to emphasize the importance of controlling and preventing these diseases through proper crop rotation, resistant varieties and the timely application of effective fungicides to ensure a sustainable and productive agricultural sector. The article focuses on rust, septoria, fusarium, and powdery mildew. Results. Indicate that fungal diseases are widespread in southern Russia, including Krasnodar Krai, Rostov Oblast, the North Caucasus, the Volga Region, and Western Siberia. Combined methods, such as using resistant cultivars and crop rotation, help reduce pathogen levels and monitor disease spread. This study may aid in protecting wheat crops and mitigating economic risks in Russia’s agricultural sector.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Пшеница (Triticum aestivum L.) является основной культурой в России. Грибные болезни, такие как ржавчинные болезни, септориоз листьев, фузариоз колоса, мучнистая роса зерновых, ежегодно сильно снижают урожайность и качество зерна. Патогены могут уничтожить до 70 % урожая, что негативно сказывается на экспорте и продовольственной безопасности. Увеличение устойчивости грибов к фунгицидам и изменения климата требуют новых данных о болезнях и адаптированных мер контроля. Исследования в этой области крайне важны для создания устойчивых сортов, улучшения агротехнологий и уменьшения зависимости от химикатов. Цель исследования – провести обзор основных заболеваний пшеницы в России и потенциального их влияния на экономику и продовольственную безопасность, а также подчеркнуть важность контроля и предотвращения этих заболеваний с помощью правильного севооборота, устойчивых сортов и своевременного применения эффективных фунгицидов для обеспечения устойчивого и продуктивного сельскохозяйственного сектора. Основное внимание в статье уделяется ржавчине, септориозу, фузариозу и мучнистой росе. Результаты показывают, что грибные болезни распространены в южной части России, включая Краснодарский край, Ростовскую область, Северный Кавказ, в Поволжье и Западной Сибири. Комбинированные методики, такие как использование устойчивых сортов и севооборот, помогают снизить количество патогенов и отслеживать болезни. Наше исследование может помочь в защите пшеницы и уменьшении экономических рисков в агросекторе России.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>wheat</kwd><kwd>phytopathogen</kwd><kwd>fusarium</kwd><kwd>yellow rust of cereals</kwd><kwd>septoria leaf spot</kwd><kwd>fungus</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пшеница</kwd><kwd>фитопатоген</kwd><kwd>фузариоз</kwd><kwd>желтая ржавчина зерновых</kwd><kwd>септориозная пятнистость листьев</kwd><kwd>гриб</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Liefert W.M., Liefert O. Russian agriculture during transition: performance, global impact, and outlook. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy. 2012. Vol. 34. No. 1. Pp. 37–75. DOI: 10.1093/AEPP/PPR046</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gannibal F.B., Gagkaeva T.Yu., Gomzhina M.M. et al. 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