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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">News of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">News of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Известия Кабардино-Балкарского научного центра РАН</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1991-6639</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1940</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">294373</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35330/1991-6639-2025-27-2-23-36</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">FPZIDC</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>System analysis, management and information processing</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Системный анализ, управление и обработка информации</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Intelligent recommendation system for apple orchard protection in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Интеллектуальная рекомендательная система для защиты яблоневых садов в КБР</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2272-475X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4961-2069</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Темроков</surname><given-names>Айдемир Залимханович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Temrokov</surname><given-names>Aidemir Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистрант 2-го года обучения направления «Информатика и вычислительная техника»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2nd-Year Student in the Field of Informatics and Computer Science</p></bio><email>temrokovaydemir@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0924-0193</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9551-5494</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бжихатлов</surname><given-names>Кантемир Чамалович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bzhikhatlov</surname><given-names>Kantemir Ch.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Head of the Laboratory of Neurocognitive Autonomous Intelligent Systems</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. физ.-мат. наук, зав. лабораторией «Нейрокогнитивные автономные интеллектуальные системы»</p></bio><email>haosit13@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кабардино-Балкарский государственный университет имени Х. М. Бербекова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кабардино-Балкарский научный центр Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><content-language>ru</content-language><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-05-30"><day>30</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-05-30"><day>30</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Темроков А.З., Бжихатлов К.Ч.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Temrokov A.Z., Bzhikhatlov K.C.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Темроков А.З., Бжихатлов К.Ч.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Temrokov A.Z., Bzhikhatlov K.C.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rcsi.science/1991-6639/article/view/294373">https://journals.rcsi.science/1991-6639/article/view/294373</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>One of the important areas of agriculture is fruit gardening, in particular, intensive apple orchards make a significant contribution to the agricultural sector of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. At the same time, to preserve the harvest, it is necessary to ensure timely detection and elimination of threats associated with apple diseases and pests. Given the shortage of specialized specialists, the task of developing an automated system for recognizing diseases and pests of apple orchards becomes urgent. For this purpose, the study set the goal of developing and assessing the applicability of an intelligent recommendation system for the protection of apple orchards in the KBR. This article describes the concept and presents the results of the development of a system for monitoring the condition of apple orchards, designed to identify diseases and pests on trees, as well as select the most appropriate plant protection plan depending on the location of the orchard. The program is a web application created on the basis of the FastAPI, Vue.js frameworks and a neural network, responsible for recognizing pests and diseases of apple trees from a photograph and drawing up an optimal plan for their treatment. The results of training a neural network on a prepared sample of photographs of healthy and infected apples are presented. Various models were used as a basis for the neural network: Roboflow 3.0, RF-DETR, YOLO v11 and YOLO v12. The developed service will allow diagnosing apple tree diseases with minimal time delays, as well as ensuring the selection of protection methods, if necessary, which will reduce the risks of crop loss by gardeners. As a result of testing the model, the Roboflow 3.0 model achieved the best indicators: mAP was 91.0%, precision 97.5%, and recall 88.5%, which indicates the applicability of the approach. In order to expand the list of recognizable threats and improve accuracy, it is planned to collect additional photographic materials in the republic's orchards, including photographs of leaves and trunks of apple trees, and further testing with the participation of gardeners of the republic.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Одним из важных направлений сельского хозяйства является плодовое садоводство, в частности, интенсивные яблоневые сады вносят заметный вклад в сельскохозяйственную отрасль Кабардино-Балкарской Республики. При этом для сохранения урожая необходимо обеспечить своевременное выявление и устранение угроз, связанных с болезнями и вредителями яблок. Учитывая нехватку профильных специалистов, актуальной становится задача разработки автоматизированной системы распознавания болезней и вредителей яблоневых садов. Для этого в рамках исследования была поставлена цель – разработка и оценка применимости интеллектуальной рекомендательной системы для защиты яблоневых садов в КБР. В данной статье описана концепция и приведены результаты разработки системы контроля состояния яблоневых садов, предназначенной для выявления болезней и вредителей на деревьях, а также подбора наиболее подходящего плана защиты растений в зависимости от местоположения сада. Программа представляет собой веб-приложение, созданное на основе фреймворков FastAPI, Vue.js и нейронной сети, отвечающих за распознавание вредителей и болезней яблонь по фотографии и составление оптимального плана их обработки. Приведены результаты обучения нейронной сети на подготовленной выборке фотографий здоровых и зараженных яблок. В качестве основы для нейронной сети использовались различные модели: Roboflow 3.0, RF-DETR, YOLO v11 и YOLO v12. Разработанный сервис позволит диагностировать заболевания яблонь с минимальными задержками по времени, а также обеспечить подбор методов защиты в случае необходимости, что снизит риски потери урожая садоводами. В результате тестирования наилучших показателей достигла модель Roboflow 3.0: mAP составила 91,0 %, precision – 97,5 %, а recall – 88,5 %, что свидетельствует о применимости подхода, но этого недостаточно для внедрения. С целью повышения точности и расширения списка распознаваемых угроз планируется сбор дополнительных фотоматериалов в садах республики, в том числе фотографий листьев и стволов яблоневых деревьев, полученных в различных погодных условиях, и дальнейшее тестирование с участием садоводов республики.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>распознавание образов</kwd><kwd>яблоня</kwd><kwd>заболевания яблок</kwd><kwd>рекомендательная система</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>интернет-сервис</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>image recognition</kwd><kwd>apple tree</kwd><kwd>apple diseases</kwd><kwd>recommendation system</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>internet service</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borisov I.A. 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