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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">News of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">News of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Известия Кабардино-Балкарского научного центра РАН</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1991-6639</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1940</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">351233</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35330/1991-6639-2025-27-5-26-33</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">XQPHAL</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Системный анализ, управление и обработка информации, статистика</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>System analysis, management and information processing, statistics</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Multi-agent modeling in plant biology</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Мультиагентное моделирование в биологии растений</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8977-797X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3299-0927</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Anchekov</surname><given-names>М. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анчёков</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий лабораторией «Имитационное моделированиефеногенетических процессов» НИЦ «Интеллектуальные генетические системы» </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Laboratory of Simulation Modeling of Phenogenetic Processes of the Scientific and Innovation Center “Intelligent Genetic Systems” </p></bio><email>murat.antchok@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9442-6122</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8549-2620</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курашев</surname><given-names>Ж. Х.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurashev</surname><given-names>Zh. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Scientific and Innovation Center “Intelligent Genetic Systems” </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий НИЦ «Интеллектуальные генетические системы» </p></bio><email>kurashev-j@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кабардино-Балкарский научный центр Российской академии наук</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><content-language>ru</content-language><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№5 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO5 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>26</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-13"><day>13</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Анчёков М.И., Курашев Ж.Х.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Anchekov М.I., Kurashev Z.K.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Анчёков М.И., Курашев Ж.Х.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Anchekov М.I., Kurashev Z.K.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rcsi.science/1991-6639/article/view/351233">https://journals.rcsi.science/1991-6639/article/view/351233</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Traditional methods, such as systems of algebraic or differential equations, L-systems, or functional-structural models, are often unable to fully simulate the dynamic interactions of plants with their environment. Multi-agent systems allow the modeled object to be represented as a collective of autonomous agents representing individual functional parts, each of which follows local rules that ensure decision-making and interaction with the external environment.</p> <p>Aim. The study is to analyze modern approaches to multi-agent modeling in plant biology. An analysis of several publications revealed that multi-agent modeling reproduces orange tree growth, root system architecture, the morphological adaptation of black alder, and the behavioral plasticity of animals in plant ecosystems, enabling the implementation of digital twins of wheat. The reviewed studies place particular emphasis on the emergent properties of the proposed models, which manifest themselves without explicitly defining global rules. The results of the analysis demonstrate the high potential of the multi-agent approach as a tool for modeling the morphological and physiological processes of biological systems, as well as its potential for digital farming, breeding, and yield forecasting in a changing climate. This approach is capable of accounting for spatial heterogeneity of the environment and temporal changes in conditions. The presented review of research shows that the approach based on multi-agent systems is successfully applied to modeling tree growth, root systems, population dynamics, and digital twins of agricultural crops.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Традиционные методы, такие как системы алгебраических или дифференциальных уравнений, L-системы или функционально-структурные модели, зачастую не способны в полной мере моделировать динамическое взаимодействие растений со средой. Мультиагентные системы позволяют представить моделируемый объект как коллектив автономных агентов, представляющих отдельные функциональные части, каждая из которых следует локальным правилам, обеспечивающим принятие решения и взаимодействие с внешней средой.</p> <p>Цель исследования - анализ современных подходов к мультиагентному моделированию в биологии растений. Проведенный анализ ряда публикаций показал, что моделирование на основе мультиагентного подхода воспроизводит рост апельсинового дерева, архитектуру корневой системы, морфологическую адаптацию черной ольхи, поведенческую пластичность животных в растительных экосистемах и позволяет реализовать цифровые двойники пшеницы. В рассмотренных работах особое внимание уделяется эмерджентным свойствам предложенных моделей, которые проявляются без явного задания глобальных правил. Результаты проведённого анализа демонстрируют высокий потенциал мультиагентного подхода как инструмента моделирования морфологических и физиологических процессов биологических систем, а также его перспективность в задачах цифрового земледелия, селекции и прогнозирования урожайности в условиях изменяющегося климата. Этот подход способен учитывать пространственную неоднородность среды и временные изменения условий. Представленный обзор исследований показывает, что подход на основе мультиагентных систем успешно применяется для моделирования роста деревьев, корневых систем, популяционной динамики, цифровых двойников сельскохозяйственных культур.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>multi-agent modeling</kwd><kwd>phenotypic plasticity</kwd><kwd>digital twin</kwd><kwd>agent-based modeling</kwd><kwd>emergent properties</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мультиагентное моделирование</kwd><kwd>фенотипическая пластичность</kwd><kwd>цифровой двойник</kwd><kwd>агентно-ориентированное моделирование</kwd><kwd>эмерджентные свойства</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено без спонсорской поддержки.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was performed without external funding.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Иорданский Н. 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