The article focuses on the current issues surrounding the assessment of the role of the demographic factor in mental warfare, which is centered on the conscious, gradual and deliberate creation of new life meanings. The authors draw attention to the techniques and methods used to popularise and enforce new negative demographic attitudes, principles and rules of behaviour (e.g. childlessness, gender reassignment, the breakdown of traditional family structures, changes in parental statuses and roles, and increased migration). Purposes . The issues of mental warfare are considered, as is the role of the demographic factor in its conduct. Methodology . Theoretical research methods are employed through generalisation, comparison, and specific analytical procedures. The nature of mental warfare has been clarified, its methods have been identified, and the role of the demographic factor has been established. Recommendations on establishing a legal framework are provided. The scope of the results obtained . This material could be useful for developing demographic policy, preparing a legal framework and delivering lectures on demography and demographic statistics. Results . The article provides a review of literature on demographic factors in mental warfare. It should be noted that the active and deliberate dissemination of demographic attitudes intended to alter the long-standing cultural and family values of a potential adversary can be considered an essential component of psychological warfare. Conclusions . The issue of assessing the demographic factor in modern-day mental warfare is becoming increasingly relevant, as negative attitudes among young people are leading to a decrease in the birth rate and an increase in migration.