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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">News of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">News of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Известия Кабардино-Балкарского научного центра РАН</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1991-6639</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1940</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">265578</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35330/1991-6639-2024-26-4-145-163</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">XYLRGV</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Historical Sciences</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Исторические науки</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The problem of ethnogenesis and the political history of the Kaskians</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Проблема этногенеза и политической истории касков</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0508-3493</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2606-0979</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kagazezhev</surname><given-names>Zhiraslan V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кагазежев</surname><given-names>Жираслан Валерьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Historical Sciences, Leading Researcher, Head of Natural Scientific Methods in Archaeology, Anthropology and Archaeography Science and Innovation Center</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. истор. наук, вед. науч. сотр., зав. научно-инновационным центром <bold>«</bold>Естественно-научные методы в археологии, антропологии и археографии»</p></bio><email>jiraslan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кабардино-Балкарский научный центр Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><content-language>ru</content-language><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-10-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>145</fpage><lpage>163</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-10-07"><day>07</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-10-07"><day>07</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Кагазежев Ж.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Кагазежев Ж.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Кагазежев Ж.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кагазежев Ж.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rcsi.science/1991-6639/article/view/265578">https://journals.rcsi.science/1991-6639/article/view/265578</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines an important part of the history of the Ancient Near East, covering the stages of ethnogenesis and the political history of the indigenous population of Anatolia – the Kaskians. There are no analytical works on the history of Kaskians in Russian historiography. They appear sporadically in the research, in the context of the confrontation with the Hittite Empire. Ethnogenetic data show that the Kaskians were part of a larger Hatti people and occupied the southeastern regions of the Black Sea region. The analysis of sources, many of which are being introduced into scientific circulation in Russian historiography for the first time, allows us to state important events that influenced the history of the Middle East and neighboring regions. During the XVII – XII centuries BC, there was a gradual expansion of the territory of the settlement of the Kaskians and their political influence. The Hittite Empire proved powerless against the offensive of the Kaskians, as a result of which it loses access to the Black Sea. The Kaskians captured Hattussa, the capital of the Hittite Empire, and other cities several times, threatening the very existence of the state. In the XIII century BC. The Kaskians are beginning to actively interfere in the internal political processes in the Hittite state. Contrary to the main version of the role of the "peoples of the sea" in the defeat of the Hittite Empire, the analysis of written sources and archaeological data allows us to conclude that its fall as a result of the offensive of the Kaskians by the end of the XIII century BC. Further advance of the Kaskians to the southeast led to a clash with Assyria. Historical data on the possible succession of Paphlagonians and Cappadocians to the Kaskians are updated. The theory of the expansion of the Kaskians to the west, known to the Greeks as the Kavkons, who settled the Peloponnese and Attica after the Trojan War and left a noticeable mark on the political life of the region. The conclusion is made about the significant role of Kaskians in changing the ethnopolitical map of the Middle East and the early stage of the history of Ancient Greece, the ethnogenesis of the Adygs in the North Caucasus.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье исследуется важная часть истории Древнего Ближнего Востока, охватывающая этапы этногенеза и политической истории автохтонного населения Анатолии – касков. В отечественной историографии отсутствуют аналитические труды по истории касков. Они в исследованиях фигурируют эпизодически, в контексте противостояния с Хеттской империей. Этногенетические данные показывают, что каски являлись частью более многочисленного народа – хатти и занимали юго-восточные районы Причерноморья. Анализ источников, многие из которых вводятся в научный оборот в отечественной историографии впервые, позволяет констатировать важные события, повлиявшие на историю Ближнего Востока и сопредельных регионов. На протяжении XVII – XII в. д. н. э. происходит поэтапное расширение территории расселения касков и их политического влияния. Хеттская империя оказалась бессильной перед наступлением касков, вследствие чего теряет выход к Черному морю. Каски несколько раз захватывали столицу Хеттской империи Хаттусу и другие города, угрожая самому существованию государства. В XIII в. д. н. э. каски начинают активно вмешиваться во внутриполитические процессы в Хеттском государстве. Вопреки основной версии роли «народов моря» в разгроме Хеттской империи анализ письменных источников и археологических данных позволяет сделать вывод о ее падении в результате наступления касков к концу XIII в. д. н. э. Дальнейшее продвижение касков на юго-восток привело к столкновению с Ассирией. Актуализируются исторические данные о возможной преемственности пафлагонцев и каппадокийцев каскам. Рассматривается теория о экспансии касков на запад, известных у греков под названием кавконы, после Троянской войны заселивших Пелопоннес и Аттику<italic>. </italic>Делается вывод о значительной роли касков в изменении этнополитической карты Ближнего Востока и раннего этапа истории Древней Греции, этногенезе адыгов на Северном Кавказе.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Anatolia</kwd><kwd>Hatti</kwd><kwd>Kaskians</kwd><kwd>expansion</kwd><kwd>Hittites</kwd><kwd>Caucones</kwd><kwd>Kasy</kwd><kwd>Adygs</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Анатолия</kwd><kwd>хатти</kwd><kwd>каски</kwd><kwd>экспансия</kwd><kwd>хетты</kwd><kwd>кавконы</kwd><kwd>касы</kwd><kwd>адыги</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szécsényi-Nagy A., Brandt G., Haak W. et al. 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