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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">1991-6639</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2949-1940</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Кабардино-Балкарского научного центра РАН</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">NEWS OF THE KABARDINO-BALKARIAN SCIENTIFIC CENTER OF RAS</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>КБНЦ РАН</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35330/1991-6639-2026-28-3-49-70</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="edn">RTBSAL</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://izvestiyakbncran.ru/index.php/28-3-4/</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>СИСТЕМНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ, УПРАВЛЕНИЕ И ОБРАБОТКА ИНФОРМАЦИИ, СТАТИСТИК</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>SYSTEM ANALYSIS, MANAGEMENT AND INFORMATION PROCESSING , STATISTICS</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">Прогнозирование нагрузки на каждый час суток с помощью PatchTST и Temporal Fusion Transformer: сравнительный системный анализ с традиционными методами бустинга (CatBoost) и нейросетевыми моделями на базе N-HiTS</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>Hourly load forecasting via PatchTST and Temporal Fusion Transformers: comparative system analysis with CatBoost and N-HiTS network models</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Дзгоев</surname>
            <given-names>Алан Эдуардович</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Дзгоев</surname>
              <given-names>Алан Эдуардович</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Dzgoev</surname>
              <given-names>Alan E.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>dzgoev@mirea.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1314-6151</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Климкин</surname>
            <given-names>Егор Владимирович</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Климкин</surname>
              <given-names>Егор Владимирович</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Klimkin</surname>
              <given-names>Egor V.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>KlimkinEVK@yandex.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0001-3876-3041</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Черняускас</surname>
            <given-names>Владислав Витаутович</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Черняускас</surname>
              <given-names>Владислав Витаутович</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Chernyauskas</surname>
              <given-names>Vladislav V.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>chernyauskas-vladislav@yandex.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0002-8438-3418</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Брайловский</surname>
            <given-names>Андрей Валерьевич</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Брайловский</surname>
              <given-names>Андрей Валерьевич</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Brailovsky</surname>
              <given-names>Andrey V.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>brajlovskij@mirea.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0006-1794-7825</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Резеньков</surname>
            <given-names>Роман Николаевич</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Резеньков</surname>
              <given-names>Роман Николаевич</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Rezenkov</surname>
              <given-names>Roman N.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>rezenkov@mirea.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0005-5542-2125</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">МИРЭА– Российский технологический университет (Москва, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">MIREA – Russian Technological University (Moscow, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-22">
        <day>22</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>28</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>49</fpage>
      <lpage>70</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-04-01">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-06-11">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Дзгоев А. Э., Климкин Е. В., Черняускас В. В., Брайловский А. В., Резеньков Р. Н.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дзгоев А. Э., Климкин Е. В., Черняускас В. В., Брайловский А. В., Резеньков Р. Н.</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dzgoev A.E., Klimkin E.V., Chernyauskas V.V., Brailovsky A.V., Rezenkov R.N.</copyright-holder>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>CC BY 4.0</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://izvestiyakbncran.ru/index.php/28-3-4/">https://izvestiyakbncran.ru/index.php/28-3-4/</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>В современных условиях динамичного поведения спроса и влияния внешних факторов традиционные статистические авторегрессионные методы моделирования (ARIMA, SARIMAX) часто уступают место алгоритмам машинного обучения (Gradient Boosting) и современным архитектурам глубокого обучения (Transformers). Цель исследования – решение задачи выбора лучшей модели прогнозирования электропотребления на каждый час следующих суток в условиях ограниченности информации с применением современных методов машинного и глубокого обучения: CatBoost, Temporal Fusion Transformer (TFT), PatchTST, N‑HiTS. Материалы и методы исследования. Код программы написан на языке Python и представлен на открытой платформе GitHub по адресу: https://github.com/KEV0143/Comparative-analysis-of-hourly-load-forecasting-using-PatchTST-TFT-NHiTS-and-CatBoost. Результаты. В рамках каждого из рассматриваемых методов разработаны новые качественные и адекватные математические модели для прогнозирования электропотребления. Важный математический результат состоит в том, что решение задачи – прогнозирование электропотребления для управления энергосбережением на предприятии – сведено к научно обоснованному выбору одной лучшей модели, что важно с точки зрения как теоретического исследования алгоритмов современного машинного и глубокого обучения моделей, так и их практического применения, учитывая возрастающий объем данных. Задача является значимой для целей оптимизации расхода электроэнергии на предприятии и в регионе в целом. Заключение. В результате проведенного теоретического анализа и вычислительного эксперимента на реальных данных энергетической компании Российской Федерации получен важный практический вывод о применимости модели CatBoost для решения задач оптимизации расхода электроэнергии на предприятиях. Все полученные в статье выводы подтверждаются результатами проведенных статистических тестов.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Under modern conditions of dynamic demand behavior and external factors, traditional statistical autoregressive modeling methods (ARIMA, SARIMAX) are increasingly outperformed by machine learning algorithms (Gradient Boosting) and modern deep learning architectures (Transformers). Aim. This study aims to address the problem of selecting the optimal model for next-day hourly electricity consumption forecasting under limited information constraints, utilizing advanced machine and deep learning methods such as CatBoost, Temporal Fusion Transformer (TFT), PatchTST, and N-HiTS. Materials and methods. The source code was developed in Python and is publicly available as an open-source repository on GitHub at https://github.com/KEV0143/Comparative-analysis-of-hourly-load-forecasting-using-PatchTST-TFT-NHiTS-and-CatBoost. Results. New highly accurate and robust mathematical models for electricity consumption forecasting were successfully developed for each of the evaluated methods. A key mathematical outcome of this study demonstrates that effective electricity consumption forecasting for corporate energy conservation can be formulated as a scientifically substantiated selection of the single optimal model. This approach is crucial for both the theoretical analysis of advanced machine learning algorithms and their practical deployment, driven by the rapidly growing volume of data. Addressing this issue is highly significant for energy consumption optimization across individual enterprises and entire regions. Conclusion. The theoretical analysis and computational experiments utilizing empirical data from a Russian energy company provided valuable practical insights into the applicability of the CatBoost model for industrial energy consumption optimization. All conclusions presented in this paper are rigorously supported by statistical test results.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>системный анализ моделей</kwd>
        <kwd>математическая статистика</kwd>
        <kwd>краткосрочное прогнозирование</kwd>
        <kwd>потребление электроэнергии</kwd>
        <kwd>сравнительный системный анализ</kwd>
        <kwd>машинное обучение</kwd>
        <kwd>глубокое обучение</kwd>
        <kwd>CatBoost</kwd>
        <kwd>Temporal Fusion Transformer (TFT)</kwd>
        <kwd>PatchTST</kwd>
        <kwd>N‑HiTS</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>systems analysis of models</kwd>
        <kwd>mathematical statistics</kwd>
        <kwd>short-term load forecasting</kwd>
        <kwd>electricity consumption</kwd>
        <kwd>comparative analysis</kwd>
        <kwd>machine learning</kwd>
        <kwd>deep learning</kwd>
        <kwd>CatBoost</kwd>
        <kwd>Temporal Fusion Transformer (TFT)</kwd>
        <kwd>PatchTST</kwd>
        <kwd>N‑HiTS</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено без спонсорской поддержки.</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was performed without external funding.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
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